Country Lebanon capital, imbali, iifoto

Country Lebanon ukuba imbali yayo elide, uye waba ngaphezu kweshumi yeemfazwe ebuhlungu. Kungenxa yoko le nto urhulumente kanye nempumelelo namhlanje ebizwa ukuzeka kade umsindo. Kodwa ke, nangona zonke intlungu yokuba ubunzima, Lebanon iye yakwazi ukulondoloza indalo yayo eyodwa, kunye neentlambo zayo kunye neentaba, nooAshera nompleyini kunye namanxweme kwakunye ezikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha zitsala abakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.

geography

Country eLebhanon, apho ulwazi luza kuba luncedo ukuba abakhenkethi uceba ukuchitha iiholide zabo nommandla wayo, kunxweme empuma yoLwandle iMeditera ezifudumeleyo. Le ndawo iyonke kweli lizwe amancinane 10.452 square metres. km.

Zeziphi amazwe ngakwimida Lebanon? Emantla nasempuma ngayo imida eqhelekileyo neSiriya, nakwelasezantsi - noSirayeli. kwimimandla Western eLebhanon Sendizihlambile kuLwandle lweMeditera.

ILebhanon ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ezine kabukhali ezahlukeneyo kummandla physiographic. Ezi ziquka neArabha lonxweme kunye zokhahlamba unalo enegama elifanayo igama lizwe, i Bekaa Valley kunye Anti-Lebanon intaba kuluhlu. Le ndawo iphezulu lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma kwi phezulu kummango Kurnes al-Saud. Le ntaba liphuma ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba eemitha 3083.

Phakathi imilambo emininzi Lebanon na ixesha elide. Walibiza Litani. Lo mlambo 140 km runs elide ngokusebenzisa imimandla esembindini emazantsi eli lizwe. Nge Lebanon luqalwe imilambo emikhulu efana Hasbani kunye iOrontes. Ukongezelela kweli lizwe, basityathe amanzi babo uSirayeli neSiriya.

Imvelaphi yegama

Ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, igama elithi "Lebanon" livela i "quince" mandulo basePersi. Eguqulelwe lithetha "igumbi amanqugwala" okanye "Terrace phezu kwemiqadi eyayixhaswa ziintsika."

Kukho olunye uhlobo, ngokutsho apho, elikomkhulu laseLebhanon, elo wayelithiyiwe kumaHebhere amandulo. Kungenxa ngolwimi lwabo bakhangele iingcambu nokuthiywa beli lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma. Eziguqulelwe kuyo igama elithi "Lebanon" lithetha "intaba white".

imbali yakudala

Country Lebanon wakhanga abahlala kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-10. BC. e. Kwaye emva 7 zeminyaka endaweni yayo ukuvela yokuqala isixeko-ithi, inxalenye enkulu yabantu leyo ngabarhwebi olwandle.

Kunxweme lweMeditera, amaFenike lasekwa zokuhlala kwabo. Kwakungekho ulawulo kwindawo enye. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukugcina ulawulo abantu basebenzisa amandla nobulumko yezopolitiko umzi-ithi. AsingomaFenike iingcibi abanezakhono ngowokuqala ukuba zizakhele-alfabhethi. Esi sizwe ngeenqanawa zayo robust kunye nezakhono olwandle. Abarhwebi awo elunxwemeni eSpeyin, iYiputa, Northern Europe kunye kunxweme belizwekazi lase-Afrika. abarhwebi baseFenike bethengisa iglasi kunye ilaphu odumileyo purple. Kodwa ingakumbi imfuno phakathi abathengi isasetyenziswa nangoku imithi yomsedare ukuba ehlumayo kumathambeka yaseLebhanon. Ukususela kumawaka eminyaka emilambo lo mthi yamandla wakha iinqanawa ezinkulu. La maziko eziphambili eLebhanon ngaloo mihla yayizizixeko ezifana eSidon, Tire, Byblos kunye Berytus (phambi Beirut).

bodwa yorhwebo yaseFenike yatshatyalaliswa-Asiriya kwinkulungwane 9. BC. e. Okulandelayo kula mazwe beza neovavilonyane, yaye ngoko, ngenkulungwane-6. BC. e., kwafakwa yi namaPersi. I-4 m. BC. e. eli lizwe oyisa Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Emva koko urhulumente yaseFenike ekugqibeleni wawa azisalungiseki. I-1-m. BC. e. elingummelwane Egypt neSiriya yoyiswa yi eRoma. IFenike wafika phantsi kwamandla zabahlaseli. Intsimi le meko lweMeditera yaba yinxalenye kwiphondo waseSiriya.

A ixesha elitsha

Phakathi kwiminyaka 634 no 639. emasimini kwiMeditera Arabhu weza. Bahlula-Aram, ajike yonxweme yaseFenike isixeko-ithi zokuhlala ezincinci. Arabhu bamatasa belimiwe kwimimandla weentaba wama-lizwe, ukufunda umhlaba ochumileyo ezixabisekileyo iqhele khona.

I-4 m. BC. e. Lebanon yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseByzantium. ummandla wayo uye kokufumana isikhundla salo ubuKristu. Noko ke, ngaphezu kwenkulungwane Lebanon yayilawulwa Umayyads. Awase ubukhosi yokuqala enkulu amaSilamsi, waza watyala abantu kwinkolo yabo. Ngenxa yoko, kweli lizwe kwakukho isidubedube rhoqo phakathi abaxhasi okholo amaKristu yengingqi kwakunye amaYuda. Eyona esebenzayo baba Maronites umSiriya, ku hlamusela zokuhlala kwabo kufutshane entabeni yaseLebanoni.

Ngo-750, eli lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma waqalisa ukulawula Abbasids. Lo mbuso, lelinye lawona maphondo apho eLebhanon, eyaqhubeka de ngenkulungwane ye-11. Okulandelayo, amandla yayibanjwe Fatimid ubukhosi, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayinike empi silwe. Emva kwabo kummandla Aram, iYiputa, Yemen nasentshonalanga Arabia ahlasela Muslim Ayyubids. Kodwa yokungabi ixesha ukwenza ubukhosi bakhe, bathiwa waca yi Mamluks - amadoda-amakhoboka. Ezi Soboyisi walawula Lebanon ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-13.

Emva kwamakhulu amathathu Mamelukes wanikezela kwizikhundla zazo phantsi yengcinezelo emirs Tanuhida - iinkokeli zezizwe eLebhanon. Inxalenye lizwe ngenkulungwane ye-16. It yathinjwa Ottoman Sultan Selim, lowo indawo kungekudala yi nkqubo Fakhraddin abanetalente ngakumbi. The Sultan wakwazi kumanyanisa wonke loo mmandla, ngoku, kwaye ilizwe ekuthiwa Lebanon a.

Imbali karhulumente lwangoku

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. eli lizwe yahlulwa kwisithili ezimbini Ottoman solawulo: Maronite kunye Druze. Phakathi kwimimandla badla uxabana ukuba bakhuthazwe ngokuphandle Ottoman. Ngenxa yesiphumo ukungavisisani ukuphelisa imfazwe, leyo akuzi kuphela Maronites kunye Druze, kodwa ukugcina iinkokheli zabo feudal kunye nabalimi. Xa impixano elandelayo kwafuneka angenelele ezopolitiko yaseYurophu kude. Phantsi koxinzelelo kwabo, Ottoman kwanyanzeleka ukuba bamanyane Lebanon ukutshabalalisa inkqubo feudal kwaye amisele irhuluneli lamaKristu. Le nkqubo yezopolitiko waze leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ngexesha apho lizwe yoyiswa militarists Turkish. Emva kokusekwa kwehlabathi ukuba kuMbindi Mpuma waba urhulumente walawula France.

Yintoni elinde ngakumbi ku Lebanon? imbali yelizwe batshintsha kakhulu emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Urhulumente yazimela yaza yaba iziko enkulu zorhwebo. Eli lixesha xa Lebanon ke ilizwe liziko inkcubeko-imbali kunye nemali ye-Arabhu, kwakunye kuMbindi Mpuma okanye Mpuma eSwitzerland, Paris. Noko ke, ngo-1975 urhulumente elindele uvavanyo entsha. Ngeli xesha, Lebanon wayamkela emaxongo kwezoqoqosho. Ngaphezu koko, amaKristu zokusebenzisana Muslim iphiko ekunene kangaka idale imfazwe yamakhaya, eyathatha phantse amabini eminyaka.

Lebanon - le nto kweli lizwe namhlanje? Kungoku nje, urhulumente usekhondweni imvuselelo kuqoqosho lweli. ummandla wayo ngamandla kuphuhliso loshishino zabakhenkethi, leyo, ngathi kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, izisa ingeniso enkulu kwi-mali karhulumente. Konke oku kwaba Bulelani kunokwenzeka yokuba abantu Lebanese ikwazile ukugcina imbali abatyebileyo kummandla, apho nganye kunokubonwa emiqolombeni zeentaba kunye nezakhiwo zamandulo, iinqaba aphakathi kunye neemosque. Namhlanje, emizini lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma bakhule, kukho iihotele mihla, yaye kwiinduli iiholide ski umbutho, ezifana Mzaar, Faraya kunye Lakluk.

sezulu

Lebanon - kwilizwe apho kukho endaweni ka kwimimandla efudumeleyo lweMeditera. Kuba le ndawo luphawulwa ehlobo ebusika kubanda nodaka. NgoJulayi, umlinganiselo wobushushu degrees-28, yaye ngoJanuwari - +13 ° C. Kuneqabaka kwenzeka kuphela kwezinye iindawo entabeni.

Uninzi kwezulu iwela kummandla wasentshona yaseLebhanon. Ezincotsheni zeentaba aphezulu kulo nyaka zigqunywe likhephu.

Lowo amaphupho ukhenketho okanye ukhenketho oluya kweli lizwe, kungcono ukulingana ixesha ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi no-Oktobha ukuya kuNovemba. Le yinyanga xa imozulu ingakumbi kakuhle abantu.

Abathandi ski iholide kukhethwa ukuya eLebhanon kwisithuba ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kutsho ngoAprili. Umntu ngokuba lowo kuqala yiholide linonxweme, kucetyiswa ukuba bathenge waya kuthi xhaxhe ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuNovemba. Enoba lwalunjani, wafika Lebanon ehlotyeni, ungenza ukunandipha qubha elwandle, waza wachitha iyure endleleni, ukuze kwikhephu ezigqunywe iiholide ski.

uhlobo

Ngokufuthi, le perile yaseMeditera kuthiwa Lebanon. Le nto lizwe ukwakweli intsimi yehlabathi enezityalo nezilwanyana? Iyafuna esithi uhlobo yaseLebhanon kaThixo ngokumangalisayo sithi ndijonge. Ilizwe ukusuka emantla ukuya wasezantsi kunqunyulwa parameter entabeni. Omnye wabo ihamba ngaxeshanye kwithafa yaselunxwemeni, nto leyo singqongwe ziindawo zokutyala banana eluhlaza kunye nooAshera-orenji. Le entabeni yaseLebanoni. Abo mathambeka ezijonge elwandle, zigqunywe ngamahlathi oki, maple umAram, ube ngowakhe kunye nemithi asendle omnquma. Kwiindawo eziphezulu, hayi kude ezincotsheni, wejunipha likhula, kukwakho ooAshera ezincinane imisedare yaseLebhanon (silhouette yayo kungabonwa kwi iflegi yesizwe lizwe).

Owesibini zentaba - Anti-Lebanon - liphuma kwinxalenye esempuma yelizwe ecaleni imida neSiriya. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana emiqolombeni, ayevathiswe "uboniso olunombala" drip of stalacmites kunye stalactite. Ukusuka kwiincam zeentaba athwale ngokukhawuleza amanzi omlambo, kusetyenziswa neendlela ukuqabela.

Phakathi parameter i Lebanese Bekaa Valley. Inxalenye esemazantsi kummandla walo iRoma weli lizwe, yaye sele kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, rhoqo zilinywa umntu.

capital

Esi sixeko sikhulu yaseLebhanon yi Beirut. Le ethekwini odumileyo kuphela, kodwa ikomkhulu eli lizwe. Okwangoku, Beirut liziko ezinkulu zemali kunye zebhanki kummandla kuMbindi Mpuma. Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ikomkhulu iLebhanon kuqala okhankanywe ngenkulungwane ye-15. BC. e. ebizwa Baruth. Kangangethuba elide, isixeko ayikwazanga bakhuphisane eSidon, Tiroy. ngexesha layo Weza ke ukufika abaseRoma, owenza iziko Syria Beirut ngeenxa kunxweme lweMeditera.

Ngowe-635 isixeko yathinjwa Arabhu, siwenze Arab Caliphate. Ukususela 1516 ukuya 1918 Beirut eliphethwe baseTurkey owafaka nabantu basekuhlaleni amasiko abo. Okulandelayo yayiliziko likarhulumente inkxalabo eFransi. Kwaye kuphela ngo-1941 ikomkhulu yaseLebhanon uye waba umzi ephambili yalilizwe elizimeleyo.

Beirut sonakaliswa kakhulu ngethuba 1975 lokuqhutywa imfazwe yamakhaya, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. lixesha lokuba ukuvuselela ngayo. Namhlanje ke liziko yenkcubeko, ngokwasengqondweni yorhwebo ye-Eastern lweMeditera. Esi sixeko ephuhliswe kakuhle amashishini amancinane kunye neliphakathi, umsebenzi, imveliso yorhwebo lwamashishini ukutya, isikhumba kunye namalaphu. Ukongeza, Beirut yi kumazwe yeziqhamo, amafutha omnquma, silk.

Akasekude ikomkhulu Lebanon i-moya yamazwe ngamazwe. Idibanisa lizwe kunye onke amazwekazi iplanethi yethu.

labantu

Modern Lebanon - lizwe Arabhu. 95% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke, kwaye ka- 4 million - Arabhu. I-5% yabemi laseLebhanon thaca Kurds, amaGrike, Armenia, Turks, njalo njalo. D. Kunika umdla into yokuba namhlanje ilizwe oli-rich iye bakwazi ukukhulisa uqoqosho lwayo ukuya kwinqanaba ukuba phakathi kwabemi balo bengenamakhaya yaye abantu abacelayo.

Lebanon - lizwe Muslim. Ngapha koko, eli ukholo apha ibambelela phantse-60% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. AmaKristu up 39%. Esiseleyo Ipesenti yabemi ezinye iinkonzo.

AmaKristu zithande ukuba ushiye olu lizwe kuMbindi Mpuma. Baya yashiya ihlabathi, ukukhetha phakathi Latin America, Sirayeli, amazwe aseYurophu, USA. Lebanon ngaphambili ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo ngokunxulumene lathatyathwa abanqolobi Palestine. Ngoku amaKristu kwindlela yokushiywa ngenxa iqela lezopolitiko ubumfazwe Hezbollah.

Ulwimi olusemthethweni Arabic. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi eLebhanon na kakuhle isiFrentshi kunye IsiNgesi.

izinto

Lebanon - museum yokwenene yembali yakuMbindi Mpuma. Ngomhla kummandla beli lizwe ezincinane ubutyebi ezinika zamasiko zemvelo. Phakathi kwabo:

• sixeko sidala kule planethi - Byblos;
• tempile, wakha ngexesha wamaRoma, ibekwe Baalbek;
• iintsalela owake ezinamandla yaseFenike ithi isixeko (Tire, baseTsidon Trablosa);
• ugcinwe ukususela ngexesha Omayyadov esemzini onodonga Anjar (58 km ukusuka Beirut);
• Beiteddine sesigodlo;
• Saint-waphila - inqaba kumaxesha, ibekwe kwisixeko Tripoli.

Inani elikhulu leendawo umdla zembali kunokubonwa kwimizi ngemizi weRiphabliki laseLebhanon. Umzekelo, kwi-capital i-National Museum, Tsidon - Sea Castle Museum nesepha. indawo umdla zeehambo ziya kuba Cedar Park, akhiwe endaweni ephakeme lamawaka 2. zokulinganisa. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana imithi, ogama ubudala yiminyaka 2000.

Phakathi ezinika umdla yeLebhanon nayo bodwa:

• Church of Ioanna Krestitelya, ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko Byblos;
• Dome of the Rock, leyo yenye izakhiwo ezininzi mandulo of Beirut;
• Sursock Museum, ogama emva njengesazinzulu abamisela;
• YelaseKiliki Museum, nto leyo kwisiqithi inkcubeko Armenian;
• Jeita emiqolombeni, akumangalisi ngenxa yobuhle bayo bendalo (imi kufutshane Beirut entilini umlambo Nahr al-Kalb).

link

E Beirut, unxibelelwano zeselula ngokubanzi, ehambelana GSM-900. SIM khadi Local ukufumana iminxeba engenayo simahla. iindleko ephumayo na uluhlu eesenti ezisixhenxe ngomzuzu. Kukho kwakhona ukuzulazula e Lebanon kunye eziphambili Russian nethiwekhi zeselula abasebenzisi. Iindleko umzuzu omnye incoko lizwe lethu Ibiza malunga amabini eerandi.

Calls phesheya zenziwa ukuya nokubuya ezihotele, ukususela ezifakwe kunye payphones esitratweni. ELebhanon, nto inika iindidi ezimbini ukubiza amakhadi. Ezinye zazo (Telecard) asebenza kuphela xa usebenzisa payphones ezidolophini. Second (Kalam) esifanelekileyo uqhagamshelwano nayiphi na ifowuni.

Ukuze ufowunele ilizwe kuMbindi Mpuma, kufuneka ukwazi ikhowudi yelizwe ye Lebanon. Kwakufuneka ukuba ganga ngoku zonxibelelwano jikelele.

Country code Lebanon - 961. Kufuneka zitsalelwa ezifana ephathekayo kwaye uqhagamshelwano ifowuni yasendlini.

iimpawu lizwe

E Lebanon baphile nabangenisa nobubele, wokuqwlasela, njengoko umthetho, yaseYurophu ikhowudi yokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli lizwe Eastern eziliqela iimpawu. Umzekelo, ukuba iiLebanese wanikela nekomityi yekofu, kufuneka bayeke. ukungafuni lakho ukuthatha phezu umqondiso omkhulu nantlonelo.

Kwakhona, musa ukugcina iincoko nabahlali bengingqi malunga ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela yobuhlanga okanye ukuxoxa imicimbi yezopolitiko. Musa ukuthatha imifanekiso leSe, ngaphandle kokucela kwemvume.

imithetho ezizodwa khona xa etyelela neemosque. Kufuneka ukuya ingubo ezivaliweyo. Ukongeza, abasetyhini kufuneka tie headscarf. Abameli Kwisiqingatha efanelekileyo yoluntu kufuneka ukuba ukuhamba ezitratweni ku iziketi elifutshane kakhulu kwaye iblawuzi evulekileyo kakhulu.