Chesme Column - uphawu le nanobukroti fleet Russian

Kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, eRashiya ilwa kunye Ottoman - ekuqaleni ukufikelela kuLwandle Black, uze emva koko ukuze ukomeleza indawo yayo eCaucasus. Kule nkalo, i-uKumkanikazi uCatherine II yaqhubeka inkqubo ngempumelelo angaphandle, niqale uPeter Omkhulu.

Ngexesha kwakhe ngukumkani ubukhosi Russian ukufumana nje kuphela ukufikelela simahla i Azov noLwandle Black, kodwa nazo zathathwa usingasiqithi iCrimea, waba ezona olwandle. Imbeko zoloyiso Russian abayili zinetalente abakroli wadala zesikhumbuzo ekhumbulekayo. Omnye wabo - Chesme Column eSt Petersburg.

prehistory

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVIII, Turkey iye yaqhubeka kulawula ngokupheleleyo kuLwandle Black. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yi uPetros I ukuzama ukomeleza kweendonga zayo, eRashiya ngelo xesha akazange abe uLwandle Black okanye Azov wayenothotho. Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo uCatherine II zikarhulumente angaphandle kuthathwa ulwalathiso ephambili esemazantsi.

Noko ke, iRussia akanguye ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Turks nozimanya iCrimea AmaTatar ekupheleni kuka-1768 yahlasela yoLwandle kumantla Black. Ukuze ubeke Turkey hit ngasemva, kwakunye nenkxaso ukulungiselela wombhodamo lwamaKristu kwiiBalkans, kwagqitywa ukuthumela iinqanawa kwiBaltic Fleet kuLwandle lweMeditera.

Summer - ekwindla 1769 ukusuka Kronstadt baba ezimbini butho Russian eyayikhokelwa abaphathi Grigoriem Spiridovym noJohn Elphinstone. Iyonke uhambo inkokeli neTumim Count Alekseya Orlova.

Ukuqubha malunga eYurophu oomatiloshe Russian yaba mngeni onzima. Iinqanawa yokuqala wangena uLwandle lweMeditera ngoNovemba, ibe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo konyaka ozayo, zombini kwiBaltic butho kunye waza waqalisa ukulungiselela imfazwe, yintoni ufana Chesme Column kwi Tsarskoye Selo.

Uloyiso phezu sublime nasePorte

Le mfazwe yokuqala enkulu lwenzeka kwi Chios Strait Juni 24, 1770 Imikhumbi Turkish ukubala kabini ubungakanani butho Russian unalo isikhundla kakuhle ngobuchule. Ngaphandle koku, emva kokuba idabi enzima baseTurkey lihambe liye kwi Chesma Bay, apho ingqalelo phantse soyiswe.

Kwangaloo mini, ibhunga yasemkhosini igqibe ukugqibezela ekubulaleni zithuthi Turkish ngqo Cesme. iinqanawa Russian bavimba ngomnyango omxinwa wathabathela encamini, kwaye edabini kufuphi zobusuku, kamva waqonda enye enkulu kwimbali iinqanawa.

Ngobusuku yezi zithuthi Turkish yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngoJuni 26, amabutho imikhumbi kunye ikampu basaba Cesme eliseSmirna. Into akukho namnye eYurophu kungalindelekanga. Imbeko uloyiso zithuthi Russian kamva efakiweyo Chesme ikholam rostral kwi-Catherine Park of Tsarskoye Selo.

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba edabini elidumileyo ummiselo uKumkanikazi sinikezelwe iimedali yokukhumbula. E St. Petersburg, wakha Chesma Palace neBandla, Gatchina efakiweyo obelisk, yaye Tsarskoye Selo - column.

prototype antique of

Nangona Russia ilwa kunye Ottoman, e Tsarskoye Selo, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu lokonakala epakini. Xa iindaba koloyiso Cesme kufika St. Petersburg, Catherine II wathuma womzobi A. Rinaldi ukudala kholam njengokuba iintendelezo zineentsika rostral, eyibeka eRoma imbeko uloyiso phezu unozakuzaku uGayo Duilio nesinqanawa Carthage.

Kwagqitywa ukuseka lesikhumbuzo embindini echibini elikhulu ombiwe amabanjwa Swedish emfazwe ngaphambili. Lo msebenzi waqhubeka iminyaka eliqela. Ebudeni beli xesha, siye satshintsha isithunzela lonxweme zeNkcazo ichibi, ukubanika isishwankathelo kuLwandle iAegean.

Ikholam Chesmenskaya amiliswe kwi indlela evunyiweyo umntu uCatherine II. UKumkanikazi wayengekho andiphazami: i magingxigingxi yaye kwangaxeshanye, igobe ndathintela indlela yamandulo na elaa litye lithe eli zivunywa ukuvakalisa uloyiso nesinqanawa Russian, kwangaphambili imiphumo imfazwe.

ingcaciso emfutshane

Chesme Column - umsebenzi wezakhiwo Italian Antonio Rinaldi, eyayibanjelwe inkonzo Russian, nomkroli Ioganna Shvartsa, owadala oqingqiweyo elements zobhedu: ukhozi, kunye BAS-imikrolo.

Ukufukuka kwinqwanqwa lenyengane amanzi emise njenge iphiramidi thumbanails, umhlathi omnye kakhulu - okuqinileyo naziiperile phambene. Uyabahombisa lesikhumbuzo okhozi lobhedu, lijolise iceba Turkish. Kwelinye icala, Libonakalisa Russia kwidabi, yaye kwelinye - Bala Orlov, Orlov wafumana ilungelo lokuba kuthiwe-Chesmensky.

On Rostra isiqabu wayo imifanekiso zabalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo East: elunkontshweni, horsetail, quivers, iincula, FOUND Turkish, iibhanile. Bronze bas-imikrolo enikelwe amadabi ukoyisa ezithathu kuLwandle iAegean, athanda ukuyibeka embekweni lomhlathi Chesme yayifakwe.

History kwaye babhale

Ngowe-1996 kuyo iphawulwe isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ka Naval Fleet of Russia. Kangangeenkulungwane ezintathu yaba iqashiso yazuza uloyiso ezukileyo, kuquka lokulwa kuLwandle iAegean imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Lo mhla, kwagqitywa ukubuyisela bobhedu BAS-imikrolo, ngaphambili ehonjiswe ikholam Chesma.

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, abanye babo ezazithinjwe Enkulu Pond, nto leyo ngenxa amalinge lilize amaNazi baphathe lesikhumbuzo ibhastile. Ngowe-1994-1995. Kozenyuk nomkroli V. ukusungulwa izinto ezingekhoyo, yaye namhlanje Chesme ikholam ibukeka ziyafana ngemihla uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, owayalela ukudala le lesikhumbuzo nanobukroti zezithuthi Russian.