Awunandaba - a ... Pulse ububanzi kwezwi

Xa sidibana kubomi bemihla ngemihla izinto ezintsha, abaninzi bazama ukufumana iimpendulo zemibuzo yabo. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba uchaze naziphi na senzeko. Omnye kubo into efana kwezwi. Ngaye, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

incazelo jikelele

Awunandaba - yinkqubo yokutshintsha elinye okanye iseti lonke Ipharamitha oscillations eliphezulu rhoqo ngokungqinelana nomthetho kolwazi ephantsi rhoqo umyalezo. Oku kukhokelela ukutshintshwa spectrum umqondiso yolawulo kummandla rhoqo, ekubeni isithuba ngempumelelo kwi losasazo kufuna ukuba zonke transceiver utyando kwi ezitsho ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa omnye. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, intlokoma ulwazi zibekwe phezu carrier, bambone priori. Uphawu yolawulo iqulethe ukwaziswa. oscillations High-rhoqo uthatha indima komdlali ophethe lolwazi, ngokwenjenjalo ofumana ubume yenethiwekhi. Uphawu ulawulo data ethunyelwayo akumiselweyo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo awunandaba oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo amaza kusetyenziswa: buxande, ezibunxantathu, okanye ezinye. Xa Imiqondiso zedijithali ukuthetha okubi. Ngenxa yoko, kwezwi - inkqubo ebandakanya intlokoma, ngoko kusenokuba kwamaza, awo, isigaba, kunye nabanye.

uhlobo

Ngoku ungabona ukuba iintlobo iziganeko ezikhoyo. Enyanisweni, lo ngokuguquguqula - inkqubo apho iliza oluvela rhoqo budluliselwe. Amaninzi, ezi ndidi zilandelayo: kwamaza, awo kunye isigaba. Xa frequency kwezwi kwenzeka utshintsho kwi-frequency, kunye namandla awo - awo kodwa kwisigaba - isigaba. Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo. kwezwi ububanzi kanye ukuguqulwa babe ukwahlula eziphilayo. Kulo mzekelo, imida ye intlokoma ophezulu rhoqo utshintsha discretely.

kwezwi awo

Kwiinkqubo nale hlobo ukutshintsha ukuba kutshintshwe awo carrier yomtshangatshangiso qho omkhulu esebenzisa lencinibakazi modulating. Xa uhlalutyo output frequency sichaze nje kuphela amaza igalelo, kodwa isiphumo yabo umahluko. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ngokuguquguqula - lo wave enzima, njengoko, umzekelo, imiqondiso intetho kuqulethe nobuninzi ezitsho, bekuya kuthabatha bands ezimbini, enye ezantsi carrier, kwaye ke ilungu yesibini udibaniso umahluko ezitsho. Zibizwa osecaleni: eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Okokuqala - umfuziselo of the original umqondiso odiyo kwatshintsha yi ezineqondo ethile. Le band ephantsi - ikopi uphawu yokuqala leyo iye yaluphumelela inversion, oko kukuthi, ezitsho eliphezulu lokuqala - i frequency esezantsi ecaleni asezantsi.

Icala olusezantsi umfanekiso isibuko kwicala isalamane eliphezulu ukuya kwi-frequency yenethiwekhi. System usebenzisa Painter, ophethe ukudluliselwa kunye icala ezimbini, ebizwa leyini-mabini. Le yenethiwekhi ayiqulathanga naluphi na ulwazi luncedo, ngoko ke asuswe, kodwa kunjalo, uphawu band kabini yokuqala. Ukuvala band kuzuzwa kancinane inkxaso, kodwa elinye icala kuphela, njengoko enye kolwazi oluqulethwe kuyo. Olu hlobo yaziwa njenge kwezwi olunye-sideband kunye yenethiwekhi livunyelwe.

demodulation

Le nkqubo ifuna kuxutywa uphawu modulated kunye inaso esi amaza lowo ukhutshiwe yi-modulator. Emva koko, lo umqondiso yokuqala ifunyenwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo frequency okanye yefrikhwensi, uze emva koko lihluziwe kwezinye iziganeko. Ngamanye amaxesha isizukulwana a yenethiwekhi demodulation kwenzeka emhlabeni, ngoxa loo nto ayisoloko idibana kunye nenkampani frequency ukuya modulator. Ngenxa umahluko omncinane phakathi ezitsho kuvela mismatches, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba zocingo.

ukubetha kwezwi

Kulo mzekelo, yedijithi umqondiso baseband, ngamanye amazwi oko ivumela uku encoder isuntswana ngaphezu kwesinye sebhawudi ngasinye ujiko yebhayinari uphawu idatha kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo. Iintwana yomqondiso yokubini wambi yahlulwe ngababini. Kuba iperi bit ezine indibanisela ngobuwena ingasetyenziswa, apho isibini ngasinye imelwe yi na amanqanaba amane awo. Olo uphawu okubhalwe ungachazwa ukuba izinga kwezwi sisiqingatha isantya sebhawudi yomqondiso data yoqobo, ngoko inokusetyenziswa ukuze kwezwi awo ngendlela eqhelekileyo. isicelo sayo kufumaniseke ukuba unxibelelwano kunomathotholo.

frequency kwezwi

Systems kunye kwezwi bacinga ukuba amaza carrier iya kwahluka ngokufanelekileyo kunye imilo uphawu modulating. Olu hlobo mkhulu ngokwemigaqo nozinzo awo ukuba sizisebenzise ekukhangeleni ifuthe kwenethiwekhi yefowuni ezikhoyo, ngoko ke kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngesantya esisezantsi, apho kungekho mfuneko abandakanye bandwidth enkulu.

Isigaba-Painter

Ukwandisa inani ziikhowudi sebhawudi nganye kungaba kwisigaba ezidibeneyo kwezwi awo.

Njengoko enye iindlela zale mihla awo-isigaba kwezwi ukuze umntu olusekelwe usulelo multicarrier okhankanywe. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye isicelo yenethiwekhi 48 ezahlulwe sisithuba isiqwenga 45 Hz. Ngokuhlanganisa awo kunye isigaba kwezwi yenethiwekhi ngalunye lwabelwe 32 ithi obubobu kwixesha ngalinye sebhawudi a eyahlukileyo, kwenza ukuba kungenzeka ukuba afeze ibhithi-5 sebhawudi nganye. Kubonakala ukuba yonke le set ikuvumela ukuba ukudlulisela 240 ibhithi sebhawudi nganye. Xa usebenza kwi 9600 isantya sebhithi / s kwezwi ufuna sebhawudi 40. Eli nani ephantsi kakhulu ukumelana awo kunye sigaba utsiba lokuba kwenethiwekhi yefowuni.

Code kwezwi imiyalezo

Olu hlobo kusoloko kubonwa inkqubo usasazo Imiqondiso analog, umz, yelizwi ngedijithali. Le ndlela kwezwi alisetyenziswa imodem. Apha ngezisombululo kwenzeka uphawu analog ngeqondo kabini aphezulu component frequency uphawu ngohlobo analog. Xa usebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjalo networks ngomnxeba ngezisombululo livela izihlandlo 8000 ngomzuzwana. isampuli nganye - ulungelelene ombane i ekhowudiweyo ezisixhenxe ikhowudi bit. Ukuze ukumela ulwimi oluthethwayo, encoding isetyenziswa logarithmically. amasuntswana ezisixhenxe kunye wesibhozo uthetha phambi umqondiso kwakheka octet.

kwezwi kunye ubhaqo kufuneka ukubuyisela uphawu umyalezo, oko kukuthi inkqubo umva. Xa oku signal waguquka ngenxa ngendlela nonlinear. izinto Nonlinear sicebisa amacandelo amatsha spectrum lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba umqondiso output kunye amacebo asetyenziswa ukuba ikheswa amacandelo frequency esezantsi. Awunandaba kunye ubhaqo iya kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ode lwepolitiki, transistors, semiconductor diode njengento nonlinear. Ngokwemveli kusetyenziswa di- semiconductor dot, ekubeni igalelo capacitance Planar inkulu kakhulu.

iintlobo mihla

kwezwi Digital inika amandla kakhulu ulwazi kwaye iyahambelana ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo data zedijithali. Ukongeza ngoncedo zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo ulwazi, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano umgangatho ephuculiweyo ukukhawulezisa ukufikelela kubo.

Kukho izithintelo ezininzi abajongene nabaqambi naziphi na iinkqubo: power obuvunyiweyo band nobubanzi kwamaza, ingxolo kwangaphambili nezoqhagamshelwano level. Yonke imihla inani labasebenzisi iindlela zonxibelelwano, kwakunye ukwanda kwemfuno kuzo, nto leyo endinga ukwanda resource radio. kwezwi Digital lwahluke analog ukuze umdlali ophethe ngayo adlulisele kuye ulwazi oluninzi.

ubuxhakaxhaka ukusebenzisa

Kubabhekisi phambili be kweenkqubo radio lwedijithali msebenzi mbane - ukufumana kwizibhambathiso phakathi ububanzi losasazo data band kunye nokuphelela kwinkqubo entsha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo iindlela kwezwi ezahlukileyo ukufumana isiphumo oyifunayo. unxibelelwano Radio nga kuququzelelwa ngokusebenzisa sixhobo alula busebenze receiver, kodwa spectrum frequency yi ngokomlinganiselo inani lamalungu ukuba isetyenziswe kuthungelwano ezinjalo. Ukuze zidlulisele ezininzi ezimbaxa kunye balwamkele ifuna bandwidth ngaphantsi ulwazi yokusasaza mqulu efanayo. Ukuze uye ubuchule zothumelo spectrally kakuhle kuyimfuneko ukuba nzima izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo. Le ngxaki akuxhomekekanga kwi uhlobo lonxibelelwano.

ezizezinye

ububanzi Pulse kwezwi ungachazwa ukuba oluyenza yenethiwekhi imele ukulandelelana pulses, apho rhoqo kwamaza rhoqo. Olu tshintsho nje kuphela ixesha ukubetha nganye uphawu modulating, ngokulandelelana.

ububanzi Pulse kwezwi yahlukile kwisigaba frequency. Le yokugqibela ibandakanya uphawu kwezwi zibe ngumtshangatshangiso sine. Lubonakala yi awo rhoqo rhoqo bume okanye kwesigaba. Imiqondiso Pulse kwakhona modulated ngazo rhoqo. Kusenokuba ixesha ukubetha esisigxina, kwaye rhoqo babo kwezinye ixabiso avareji, kodwa ixabiso lazo lwephanyazo ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke imiyalezo modulating.

iziphumo

Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise iintlobo kwezwi ezilula, kunye parameter omnye kuphela uya kwahluka ngokufanelekileyo kunye ulwazi modulating. scheme kwezwi Ludityanisiwe asetyenziswe izixhobo zale mihla kunxibelelwano, - xa kukho utshintsho ngaxeshanye kunye namandla awo kunye nesigaba othwala. Kwiinkqubo mihla ingasetyenziswa subcarriers ezininzi, ngalinye esebenzisa uhlobo oluthile kwezwi. Kulo mzekelo, yinto izikimu umqondiso kwezwi. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukuba iintlobo ezintsonkothileyo multilevel efuna iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ukuba iinkcukacha inkcazelo alupheli.

Kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano mihla zisebenzisa uhlobo isebenzayo awunandaba, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe lo bandwidth kunikwa isithuba frequency simahla ukuba ezinye iindidi ze signal. izihlanganisi Umgangatho kulo ogqiba kuphela, kodwa kulo mzekelo ukuntsonkotha izixhobo uphezulu kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, amaza ngokuguquguqula unika isiphumo ibonakala kuphela kumsebenzisi ekupheleni ngokwemigaqo lula kokusebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa.