"Abantu abampofu," Dostoevsky. Isishwankathelo yenoveli

Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga omnye iinoveli kakhulu umdla nobulumko kwimbali iincwadi Russian. Njengoko usazi, oku - "abantu abahluphekileyo" Dostoevsky. Ushwankathe- lo msebenzi, nangona oko akuyi kuba namava ngokupheleleyo abalinganiswa, uzive umoya, kodwa yona iya kuvumela ukuba aqhelane abadlali abaphambili kunye iingongoma iyelenqe engundoqo. Masiqalise.

Nolwazi abo baphambili

Devushkin Makar Alekseevich - ophambili yenoveli "Abantu Poor" yi Dostoevsky. Ushwankathe- ikuvumela ukuba ufumane uluvo jikelele ngayo. Intombazana - uceba sorokasemiletny titular, izibophelele ukuba ubhale iphepha kwelinye lamasebe e-St Petersburg ngenxa yeholo okulula. Ngu ekuqaleni kwebali wayesandul ndafudukela kwindlu entsha kufutshane Fontanka, kwi "enkulu 'indlu. Kwinyoba elide ibekwe iingcango kumagumbi nabanye abahlali, kunye Ntombazana huddles emva isahlulelo ekhitshini ekwabelwana. Previous ikhaya lakhe ngcono kakhulu, kodwa ngoku ukuba umcebisi kwindawo yokuqala - cheap, kuba naye kufuneka ahlawule eyadini enye amagumbi imali eninzi kwaye likhululekile ngenxa Varvara Dobroselova, isihlobo sakhe ezikude. igosa Poor kwakhona ithatha unonophelo a yinkedama nyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubudala, kuba leyo, ngaphandle Devushkin, nje kungekho mthandazeli.

Qala ubuhlobo gentle Makar and Varenka

Barbara Makar abahlala kufutshane, kodwa hayi kaninzi kubonwa - Ntombazana intlebendwane ukoyika nokuhleba. Noko ke, bobabini kufuneka uvelwano kunye ifudumale. Njani elincedayo ukufumana Amaqhawe inoveli "Swisiwana Abantu" yi Dostoevsky? Isishwankathelo Executive kwenza azilukhankanyi indlela imbalelwano yaqala phakathi Makar kunye Varenka, kodwa kungekudala kakhulu baqalise ukubhala ezinye ngamnye phantse yonke imihla. 31 incwadi evela Makar no-24 - ukusuka Wari, ebhaliweyo ixesha ukususela-8 Apreli ukuya kowama-30 Septemba 184 ... isixeko atyhila ulwalamano lwabo. Igosa uphika ilokhwe yakhe ukutya ukuze yokwaba imali ukuze uyitye iintyatyambo ngenxa yakhe "ingelosi." UBarbara, ke, ucatshukiswa umxhasi wakhe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu. Makar ithi ukuba iqhutywa omnye kuphela umsa yooyise. Umfazi uyimema ukuba buya rhoqo ukundwendwela, bathi, a ongavunyelwayo ephosakeleyo? UBarbara kwakhona ithatha umsebenzi ekhaya - ukuthunga.

Kufuneka ibe ezimbalwa iincwadi ezingaphezulu. Makar othetha intombi yakhe ekhaya, nokuluthelekisa Umkhombe kaNowa bubuninzi abaphulaphuli motley sisondela kwimizobo zakhe nabamelwane bakhe.

Apha kuza imeko ezintsha izinto ezintsokothileyo kubomi Heroine yenoveli "Abantu Poor" yi Dostoevsky. Isishwankathelo ngokubanzi isixelela indlela Varenke ufunda nomzala wakhe ezikude, Anna Fedorovna. ixesha Ezinye Varya nonina wahlala endlwini ka-Anna Feodorovna, yaye emva komfazi, ukuze babe nako ukulungiselela iindleko, wacebisa intombazana (ngelo xesha sele inkedama) lukhuselwe mhlaba Bykov. Uye izifungo, yaye ngoku Varya Ukwacinga ukuba Bulls kunye esidityanisiweyo bayazi idilesi yayo. Ukoyika uye wakwenza impilo into amahlwempu, nenkathalo kuphela Makar osihlangulayo kuyo ukusuka yokugqibela "ukufa". Officer uthengisa iyunifomu yakhe endala, yiya ku 'Yasochka' zabo. Xa ihlobo wayelikhoboka uBarbara, olukhathalayo uthumela esinye isaziso, ebalisa ibali lobomi bakhe.

Happy Childhood Wari Agqitha esifubeni ngemvelo lali, phakathi iintsapho bomthonyama. Noko ke, kusapho uyise waphelelwa ngumsebenzi wakhe, kulandele uthotho okunye ukwehluleka ukuba wamsa engcwabeni. ngonyaka elinesine Varya ubudala kunye nomama wakhe basala yedwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, yaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba athengise indlu ukuhlawula amatyala. Kweli nqanaba, kwaye afihla abo Anna Fyodorovna. Mother Vari asebenza ngokungadinwayo ngokwenjenjalo bonakalise impilo sele nezima, kodwa waqhubeka yingcikivo umxhasi wakhe. Kwakhona waqalisa ukufunda Varia Peter Pokrovsky - owayesakuba umfundi, ababehlala kuloo ndlu. Woman bamangaliswe kukuba umntu olungileyo nezinesidima ubaphatha amhlonele uyise wakhe, abo, phezu koko, wazama kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubona unyana wakhe oyintanda. Lo mntu owake igosa entle, kodwa ngexesha imbali yethu ekugcineni enxilile. UPetros mhlaba unina Bykov wamnika kunye ikhazi umxhelo, kodwa kungekudala wafa ubuhle abaselula. Inkosikazi watshata. I Potr efanayo kakhulu ros ngokwahlukeneyo, i Bulls waba umxhasi wakhe nokuba wagqiba ekubeni abeke umntu oselula, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuyeka ngenxa kwiziko lezempilo, "isonka" Anna Feodorovna, yakhe "omaziyo lifutshane."

Abantu abatsha kufutshane nenye, ukuthatha unonophelo hayi ukuvuka esuka kunina ukhuko Vary. Abafundileyo Woman isiqalo eziqhelekileyo ukuze afundise ukufunda, wamnceda baphuhlise incasa. Kodwa emva komzuzwana wagula nesifo sephepha kunye Basil wafa. Xa ngeendleko iindwendwe yomngcwabo uchola izinto ezimbalwa zonke womfi. Le ndoda endala uyise wakwazi ukuba athathe yakhe iincwadi ezimbalwa, azalise umnqwazi wabo, nepokotho, njalo njalo. D. Uyile yimvula. Le ndoda endala iinyembezi, wabaleka emva inqwelo ababethwele ebhokisini, yawa incwadi ngaphandle ezipokothweni zakhe eludakeni. Wawuchola ke phezulu waza waqhubeka ebaleka emva kwakhe. Zixakekile Varya wabuyela ekhaya kunina, kodwa nayo kungekudala baqweqwediswa ukufa.

Njengoko sele ubona, kukho ezininzi i nezo zinto zixhalabisayo kwindalo yawo Dostoevsky. "Abantu abampofu," isishwankathelo leyo ngoku umbandela incoko yethu uchaze kubomi Devushkin. Nakwiileta eziya Varenka, uthi, kukuba kule minyaka engamashumi edlulileyo. ", Nice" "ikati mbuna" yaye "" omnye ethambileyo uba abe sisigculelo kwabanye. Makar wacaphuka, wathi Varenka uvuyo kuphela ebomini - njenge "IKomiti House, baza wandisikelela usapho yeNkosi."

Nomonde Varia amalungiselelo umphathi, kuba kuyacaca ukungakwazi Makar ngokwasezimalini kwawena - it look akusayi edelekileyo, nabakhonzi kunye mnyango. Yena kule igosa, njengoko ucinga ukuba luncedo, Varenke ngokwaneleyo ukuqhubeka ukuphembelela kakuhle kuye, ubomi bakhe.

Varia uthumela iincwadi Devushkin - "Nkosi Station" Pushkin kaThixo, bamlandela - ". I idyasi" Gogol kaThixo Kodwa ukuba igosa wokuqala ukuba ukuvuka emehlweni akhe, wesibini, phezu koko, kubuhlungu. Makar uzihlanganisa Bashmachkin kwaye iqwalasela ukuba umbhali luyayidelela Wabona uyayihlaza zonke iinkcukacha zobomi bakhe. Isidima kubi kuye, yena ukholelwa ukuba "emva kokuba lo kuyafuneka ukukhalaza."

ubunzima engalindelekanga

De ekuqaleni kuka July Makar wachitha yonke imali yabo. Ngaphezu ubuhlwempu, ukhathazekile kuphela balimi ukugculelwa olungenasiphelo ngaphezu kwayo kunye Varenka. Noko ke, loo nto imbi kukuba ngenye imini kufikwa omnye abamelwane zangaphambili, "i searcher" -ofitser kwaye yenza umfazi "amanyala isindululo". Ngoku- lithemba, iintsuku ezimbalwa, uTshawe iya inkonzo utshwala, ezilahlekileyo kunye miss. Intombi ihlangana komoni wenza umzamo neentloni, kodwa ekugqibeleni yena eziwe phantsi ezitepsini.

Varya uzama njengoko konke okusemandleni ukuze bathuthuzele lwakhe uyamkhuthaza ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo intlebendwane, nokuba eze kuye emini.

Ukususela Agasti, Makar ijolise ukuboleka imali xa inzala, kodwa yonke imizamo yakhe iphelela ukusilela. Kuzo zonke iingxaki zangaphambili wongezelela amatsha: Varenka, ngenxa yempembelelo Anna Feodorovna, nguye omtsha "obefuna." Kungekudala Anna yena utyelela le ntombazana. Kukho imfuneko yokuba uye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Damsel azilutho wahlamba phantsi kwakhona, kodwa Varya kumnceda ukuyibuyisela self-intlonipho kunye nomnqweno ukulwa.

Kwindlela yokuziphatha Varenka efanayo uyehla ngokukhawuleza, umfazi akusekho unako ukuba abandakanyeke ukuthunga. Septemba ngokuhlwa ukuba aphelise ixhala, Makar ugqiba ukuba bahambe ecaleni eweni. Yena uqala ukuba bacinge malunga nokuba kutheni, ukuba abasebenzi sisiseko isidima sobuntu, njengoko banganeli kungasebenzi soze azive efuna ukutya kunye nempahla. Yena uza kwisigqibo ukuba ulonwabo alinikwa umntu kwamanye kokufaneleka kwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izityebi kufuneka ukungabahoyi izikhalazo amahlwempu.

September 9 Makar wancuma ithamsanqa. Igosa wenza impazamo kwiphepha waza wathunyelwa jikelele kwi "raspekantsiyu". igosa ayinyamezeleki, ukuthobeka ebizwa entliziyweni 'lobungangamsha bakhe' novelwano evela Jikelele ezilikhulu ngokobuqu engange. Le - usindiso ngokwenene ekubandezelweni Devushkin: uyakwazi ukuhlawulela indawo yokuhlala, nempahla yokunxiba, edesikeni. Nangenxa yokunyanisa umthetheli ebangela Makar kuziva eneentloni ngenxa yakutshanje yokucinga 'melo' yakhe. Igosa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo ithemba ngekamva, uchitha ixesha lakhe spare ufunda "Northern Bee".

Apha ngesakhiwo kwakhona exineke isimilo ukuba ngaphambili okhankanywe Dostoevsky. "Abantu abampofu," isishwankathelo yayo ekusuhi isiphelo, baqhubeka xa Bulls efunda malunga Varenka, kunye September 20, iqala ukuba woo kuye. Lowo udla ukuba abantwana esivakalayo "Umtshana yanto" asikazifumani ilifa. Bulls walungisa icebo xa Varya siyamkhanyela, yena wenza isithembiso kumfazi eMoscow yomthengisi. Noko ke, nangona into yokuba isithembiso senziwa ngendlela krwada kwaye nekratshi Varia uyavuma. Makar uzama ukumnqanda umhlobo wakhe ( "Intliziyo-emva koko kwakho ukuba kubanda!"), Kodwa wayesazimisele - ukholelwa ukuba kuphela Bulls unako ukusindisa kuye ubuhlwempu alizise negama lakhe elihle. Intombi egula yingcinezelo, kodwa kude kube lusuku lokugqibela Varenka usaqhubeka kuncedisa iingqokelela ngendlela.

Ekupheleni kwebali

Ngo September 30 betshatile. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla, nje phambi kokuba kwilifa Bykov, wabhala ukuba endala umhlobo ileta ntle.

Phendula Devushkin ezele lithemba. Akayi kuba nako ukutshintsha nantoni na, kodwa uziva unyanzelekile ukuba athi ukuba lonke eli xesha wenze yabulibala ngokwakhe zonke izinto ezilungileyo nje ngenxa yokuba "wena ... apha, kufuphi, malunga abaphilayo." Ngoku indlela yegama leta, yaye yena Makar nje wayefuna. Akazi yi yintoni lungelo ukonakalisa impilo yomntu.