UMTS - ntoni na? ubuchwepheshe UMTS. cellular Telecommunications

unxibelelwano yeselula liyaqulunqwa njengangoku kwicala elinye kuphela - ukuphucula umgangatho wonxibelelwano kwaye ukwandisa izinga data. Emakethe zomhlaba kukho inkqubo ethe gqolo bamisela imigangatho eziphambili kunye technologies. Ngokungqinelana noku, namagama amatsha kunye nezihloko. Ke kaloku omnye wabo nguye UMTS. Ukuba kufuneka zinokulungiswa ngayo ngaphandle.

prehistory

market ihlabathi mobile sithetha nje inzuzo. Kuthatha inxaxheba phantse wonke ummi naliphi na ilizwe. Kodwa ke kukho ukhuphiswano. Kukho ukuphuculwa rhoqo of mobile technology yonxibelelwano. abenzi yezikhokhelo imali eninzi kuphuhliso lwezixhobo ezitsha kunye namacandelo ukuba iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano mobile. UMTS ubuchwepheshe buye baba enye yezo meko.

womnatha woxulumano yeselula 3G besizukulwana sesithathu

Oku kusekelwe ipakethi ukudluliselwa data. Ukuvela kothungelwano ezinjalo ngenxa nemfuno eyandayo iteknoloji-high speed. uthungelwano isizukulwana sesithathu Modern asetyenziswa kwiinkalo:

• ividiyo unxibelelwano phone;
• exchange interactive data kwifomathi multimedia ezahlukeneyo;
• ukudluliswa kwedatha eninzi kunye nemifanekiso;
• ukusebenza kunye intranets kunye Internet;
• yokusasaza ulwazi yemultimedia kwindlela yezi zinto.

Imiba enxulumene komgangatho 3G-networks, kungoku nje inxaxheba kwi-International Telecommunication Union. Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ubuchwepheshe UMTS. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iya kucaca xa ujonga indalo yayo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

indalo

ubuchwepheshe UMTS saphuhliswa yi-European Institute for Standards yoQhagamshelwano esenzelwe Europe. Yile ukuncipha yokuzimela ilandelayo: Universal mfono Telecommunications System. Njengoko WCDMA emoyeni esibonakalayo lisetyenziswe apha. Kwaye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba la magama mabini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, loo nto avumele ukuba zisetyenziswe ntonye.

Umgangatho UMTS kaninzi kubonwa nje ukhetho lenguqu phakathi iteknoloji 2G kunye 3G-4G. Oko kukuthi, ngoncedo kuwo ungenza inguqu ezolileyo ngakumbi kwinqanaba elitsha zonxibelelwano mobile ngaphandle ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo izixhobo, akhoyo okwangoku. Njengoko umgca isiseko womnatha esetyenziswa apha GSM isiNxulumanisi, kwaye uthungelwano ufikelelo radio GSM / EDGE kunye WCDMA ubuchwepheshe ezidibeneyo. Zakutshanje wakha phezu GSM sele ekhoyo, kodwa ukusebenza ngaxeshanye. Ukutshintshela phakathi networks isikhululo rhumela wenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Eli kobuchwepheshe

In UMTS (kwaye isebenza njani, oko kuya kuba ndaqonda okuninzi) zadityaniswa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zosasazo kunomathotholo. izixhobo ukuhambisa Okuza zisetyenziswa UTRA interfaces. Ngenxa imigaqo 3GPP Releace 4 yesango eendaba, ebonisa yesango kwaye i POP‧ umncedisi iziko utshintshayo. Ngoko ikwazile ukuba ayahlule MSC umqondiso ulwazi kunye yomsebenzisi data. Ukongeza, le iinkcukacha iqulethe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha zeyunithi isiseko jikelele kwinethiwekhi yokufikelela UMTS kunomathotholo. Yintoni na? Le ndlela ivumela rates data ukuya megabits 2 ngomzuzwana. Ngoku kukho elinanye 3GPP iinkcukacha.

UTRAN yenzelwe ukudibanisa kwisiseko sesikhululo kwaye kothungelwano radio, kwaye inoxanduva ukusebenza yonke iminqongo RF kwaye agciniwe UMTS. RNC i umlawuli womnatha, leyo mayixhonywe ngqo kwi izixhobo kwisiseko sesikhululo. Indibaniselwano yezi zinto zimbini, ezizezi eli kwisiseko sesikhululo ehambisana kuyo, xa imodeli noshowo womnatha UMTS kuthiwa esezantsi womnatha. Xa unit base elinye ingasetyenziswa ezisezantsi eziliqela efanayo.

Amathuba ukusebenza

3G UMTS uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo, ekubeni isebenzisa lu interface. Ukusebenzisa luR kunika ithuba ukuphunyezwa handoff handoff ethambileyo phakathi kwizikhululo ezininzi, nto leyo unokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Zeeselula UMTS umgangatho wonxibelelwano biyela uxhulumaniso sekhefu sendleleni, ngoba usebenzisa ekunikezelweni ethambileyo. Umzekelo, xa eqhuba osemendweni kunye nezikhululo nesiseko ngokufanayo lusekiwe, umgama ukusuka omnye kubo unxibelelwano kunye umxhasi uthunyelwa ekufuphi kuyo. Umdibaniso aziphazamiseki wavele, njengoko yenzeka GSM. UMTS malunga oku nobubele kakhulu ukuya umsebenzisi. Kakade ke, oku kuyinyaniso kuphela imimandla ezo zizakubalulwa kwenethiwekhi elungileyo. Imeyili interface iyilwe evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo ngokukodwa ukutsala utyalo abenzi izixhobo kweli candelo.

izixhobo yenethiwekhi

Iibhloko ngumqolo zibandakanya izixhobo eqhelekileyo, phakathi eyile:

• transcoder;
• kwirejista lokungqinga;
• irejista yedilesi;
• unit inkxaso GPRS;
• Gateway ukuba kudala ezinye iinethiwekhi;
• kokusebenzisa iziko ngothungelwano mobile;
• isilawuli kwisiseko sesikhululo.

Last kuthatha phezu umsebenzi lonikezelo channel resource, ijelo ziguquka, imibutho enikezelweni, ukuqokelelwa kunye ukudluliselwa telemetry ukuya esezantsi yolawulo. On transcoder umsebenzi encoding kunye zokucazulula lwemiqondiso intetho ezosulela esebenzisa ucinezelo. Irejista Idilesi umelwe weenkcukacha zazo zonke izikhokhelo ze kumsebenzisi wenethiwekhi mobile. Irejista guest iqulathe ulwazi malunga lwababhalisi kwindawo inethiwekhi.

UMTS abasebenza isimiso

Ukuba kuyacaca ukusuka inkcazo engasentla, kwakunye isebenza uthungelwano enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyaqonda. Xa block CN wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, leyo bancipha ukudibanisa isikhululo mobile kwinethiwekhi, oko yekhasi ngakumbi, kwasendaweni zeselula kunye nokukhethwa na umnini, ukuphunyezwa iminxeba engenayo nephumayo, umuntu izidumbu phakathi kwizikhululo esisiseko. CN into enengqondo yahlulwe domains ezimbini - CS no INDU. Kwisiseko sesikhululo unoxanduva iisignali processing kunomathotholo, ijelo ukhowudo rate adaptation, kwaye ngaphezulu. Ukongeza, ukuba ulawula amandla yomtya embilwini. UMTS zeeselula lingaphumeza uqhagamshelwano kunye nothungelwano ezahlukeneyo lwangaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini: kunye isandisi kunye lwepakethi watshintshela nothungelwano. Le ndlela yokuqala yonxibelelwano ngefowuni, kwaye eyesibini - ukudibanisa kwi Internet. Ekubeni isenza i centre co-ilungelelanisa umsebenzi wayo kunye nothungelwano zokubhala, kokuba unikwe zonke iimpawu eziyimfuneko ululayite imijelo, kwaye linoxanduva lolawulo uqhagamshelo. Ukutshintshela Centre yenza iinkqubo eziyimfuneko enikezelweni kunye nobhaliso indawo.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo

networks isizukulwana esitsha luphawulwa bubukho QoS features neqela eziphambili: ngokusiwa, kwincoko, interactive kunye nemvelaphi. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba 3G usebenzisa UMTS. Loo nto iye yachazwa ngokweenkcukacha. Okubalulekileyo, ukufezekiswa yokugqibela inguqulelo enjalo kufuna replacement njenge terminal yababhalisi ezisezantsi kwisiseko sesikhululo. Ukongeza, imfuneko yokukhupha kwezixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kwinqanaba network ongundoqo ngalo mzuzu. Sesakhiwo ihluke kakhulu bubukho kokwahlulwa ibe kwinqanaba ezimbini utshintsho elizimeleyo - iinkonzo utshintshe nje nolawulo processing uphawu. Le bonke womyoleli kukuba ngenxa yenguqu emva kwiinethiwekhi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo kufuneka kuphuculwe ezisezantsi kwisiseko sesikhululo kunye ezinjengeetheminali umsebenzisi. bands ezintsha UMTS, kunye nokufezekisa zonke ezi njongo ziya kufuna ekudalweni nezombane kwaye ukutsala imali enkulu.

Zisebenza njani?

Okwangoku, ukuze 3G kubandakanye imigangatho eziliqela, CDMA2000 kunye UMTS zehlabathi kakhulu ngokubanzi. Zombini technologies zisekelwe phezu ezininzi distribution ikhowudi yofikelelo lwemiqondiso. Ngoncedo kubo ukulawula ukwandisa iziganeko band elimxinwa networks eziqhelekileyo zeselula. Kakade ke, olu lwando yenzelwe ukunika ufikelelo broadband uyimamele Internet.

Scheme kothungelwano loo ilula kakhulu: isixhobo umsebenzisi enxulumene kwisikhululo operator mobile ukuba exhasa eli umgangatho, ohlala ehleli. unxibelelwano yeselula kule meko isebenza kwi radius omkhulu ngaphezu Wi-Fi, ngoko ababhalisi musa kangaka ngokuqatha umda emajukujukwini, usebenzisa uqhagamshelwano intanethi. bands UMTS ngokukhululeka ukonwabela zonke iinkonzo enikiweyo. Ukuba umsebenzisi ushiya embindini yesikhululo mnye, iwela uluhlu olunye, kunye kulahlekelwa zonxibelelwano. Amaninzi frequency UMTS ngu 2100 MHz.

Ukusebenza kunye nothungelwano enjalo ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo umsebenzisi, phones okt smart exhasa 3G, USB-imodem, iifowuni, amacwecwe kunye neekhompyutha laptop baxhotyiswa iimodyuli eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi.

Payment 3G kaninzi lwenziwa kwenye ngeendlela ezimbini: yezithuthi intlawulo okanye ukuthenga. Kwimeko yesibini, umsebenzisi ukufikelela kwi-Internet ixesha elithile, ngokuqhelekileyo inyanga. Kukho ngokuqhelekileyo izicwangciso lweerhafu mda, leyo kufuneka isabelo yendlela enkulu kangangoko, kodwa idla kunzima ukuchitha kule nyanga.