Russian lobuciko: iintlobo, iintlobo, imizekelo

Collective sobuciko umsebenzi bokuyila, ebonisa ubomi uhlanga, iinjongo zakhe, iinkolelo zakhe, ithathe lobuciko of Russia. zadalwa owayekho kwizizukulwana epics ngezizukulwana, amabali, iintsomi Abantu - uhlobo yesihobe, bevuthela yomculo woqobo - umdlalo, zeengoma, iingoma, intlekisa owuthandayo festive baba yimveliso kumabala emidlalo - ubukhulu becala ukuba imidlalo yonopopi. Kodwa babekwa apho kwaye idrama kunye nemidlalo satirical. Njengoko ukungena kakhulu Russian intsomi ubuchule kumdaniso, ezibonwayo ubugcisa, ubugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Kwamandulo abazalwa kunye imidaniso Russian. Russian Folk art wamisa Imbali yentsusa zobugcisa zale mihla kunye nenkcubeko, siye saba ngumthombo izithethe zobugcisa ibinzana besazisi yabantu.

Ngomlomo nangokubhala

wabonakala Ukubhala imisebenzi zoncwadi baye kamva ngaphezu matye ngomlomo, uncwadi lwemveli elinqabileyo bayizalisa le bhokisi ukususela ubuhedeni. Abo kakhulu imizekeliso, amazwi, amaqhina, iingoma kunye imidaniso, yomabophe kunye kugxothwe, epics kunye namabali ukuba isithintelo ukuya brilliant ukhanye Russian lobuciko. Lo amaqhawe yamandulo Russian yabonisa ngokomoya yabantu bethu, izithethe, iziganeko yokwenene, iimpawu nendlu, eyaziswayo kanjalo igcinwe izenzo zabalinganiswa zembali. Umzekelo, uVladimir i-Red Sun, yonke umthetheli zintanda, wakhonza kwase yenkulu yokwenene - Vladimir Enkulu, iqhawe Dobrynya - Malume Vladimir First inkosi Dobrynia. Iintlobo lwemveli kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Nokufika ubuKristu kwinkulungwane yeshumi iqala uncwadi enkulu Russian, imbali yayo. Ngokuthe ngcembe enabo uncedo ulwimi yayo Old Russian, ethe waba eqhelekileyo. Iincwadi zokuqala - ngqangi, ihonjiswe ngegolide kunye namanye amatye anqabileyo, amatye anqabileyo, lwawo. Zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba abantu babengazi bona elide. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ekomelezeni incwadi yonqulo eyangena kwiimbombo ezisemaphandleni komhlaba Russian, ukususela ekudalweni Efrema Sirina, Ioanna Zlatousta, kunye nezinye iincwadi zonqulo kuguqulelo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazi abantu. iincwadi yamandulo ncam Russian Original ngoku zimelwe yemicimbi yemihla, wemiphefumlo yabenceba (ubomi), imithetho-buciko ( "Amagama", omnye wabo - "Wabekeleni"), ukuhamba (okanye Journey, iinowuthsi zokuhamba) kunye iintlobo zezinye iintlobo, kodwa idume. Kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine wanika inani ngokubaluleka kakhulu ezikhumbuzo lwemveli. Ezinye iintlobo iintsomi, ezifana lo amaqhawe, ungena kudidi ebhaliweyo. Ngoko kwakukho "Sadko" yaye "Vasily Buslaev," abhalwe ngenxa ukuxoxa.

imizekelo Folk

Amabali yaba ziyindlela ngayo intsomi memory. ngxabano yobuqhawe i-Tatar-Mongol idyokhwe, kunye nezinye abahlaseli edunyiswa yi ngelizwi lomlomo. Ngawo ezi iingoma zadalwa amabali eziye asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, i-Battle of the Kalka River, apho "asixhenxe ezinkulu kunye nesibindi" geni inkululeko yethu Evpati Kolovrat, ukhuseleko Ryazan evela ndatu, malunga Mercury, wathethelela ESmolensk. Intsomi Russia ukugcina iinkcukacha ukuvukela saseTver nxamnye baskak Shevkal malunga igaqa Dudenteviche, yaye ezi iingoma kuculwa kude ngaphaya seLizwe saseTver. epics Slagateli baziswe ukuba inzala ezikude Kulikova iziganeko intsimi, kunye nemifanekiso ezindala amaqhawe Russian nangoku kusetyenziswa sizahlulele ekulweni i-Golden mkhosi imisebenzi womthonyama.

De kube sekupheleni abemi kwinkulungwane yeshumi of Kiev-Novgorod Russia ukubhala ebengekamazi. Nangona kunjalo, eli xesha doliteraturny donos ukuba kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni kwaye ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya imisebenzi ngezizukulwana ngegolide ngomlomo imihla yethu. Kwaye ngoku ngamatheko lobuciko eRashiya, apho yonke into izandi iingoma efanayo, amabali kunye epics kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Nanamhla oku iintlobo yamandulo Ukusika ziquka epics, iingoma, amabali, iintsomi, amaqhina, amazwi, amaqhalo. Uninzi imisebenzi isetyenziswayo of intsomi - isihobe. ifomu vesi yenza kube lula ukuba ngentloko iitekisi, nangenxa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi lwemveli wadlula phantsi kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokutshintsha ukuya otshlifovyvayas ezifanelekileyo, nge-mabali abanetalente kwenye.

genre ezincinane

umthamo omncinci imveliso ezi ntlobo ezincinane lwemveli. Lo mzekeliso: yokugxininisa, athintithisayo, amazwi, iziqhulo, amaqhina, imiqondiso, amazwi, izafobe, ukuba wasinika intsomi. Puzzle - enye yezi mpawu imifanekiso intsomi nemibongo eyaqala kwifom ngomlomo. Ibhekisela okanye ukuchaza, ungaguquki, intetho gu - i inkcazo sacana xa isishwankathelo uhlobo nayiphi na into, - yiloo nto imfihlelo VI Dal. Ngamanye amazwi, umfanekiso yokomfuziselo iziganeko okanye izinto kufuneka ndiyaqikelela. Nkqu apha enikelweyo ukuba lwemveli multivariate. Puzzle ingaba iinkcazelo, njengobuxoki, imiba, imisebenzi. Amaninzi ke benziwa izahlulo ezibini - imibuzo kwaye uphendule amaqhina otgadki ezihambelanayo. Ngokodidi, bona zahlukahlukene kwaye inxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nendlela yokuphila: izityalo nezilwanyana, indalo, izixhobo kunye nemisebenzi.

Izaci nezafobe eziye yasinda kwixesha langoku ukusuka maxesha amandulo, ukuba ibinzana Wayenyanisile, iingcamango zezilumko. Ngokufuthi, kakhulu, yinxalenye ezimbini-, apho amaqela akanjalo bakulindele kwaye kaninzi isingqisho. Intsingiselo amazwi kunye namaqhalo ngokuqhelekileyo ngokufuziselayo kwaye equlethe yokuziphatha. sibona njalo izaci nezafobe mnogovariativnost, kukho Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezininzi amaqhalo kunye nokuziphatha efanayo. amazwi umzekeliso ziyahluka ingqiqo jikelele, leyo ngaphezulu. Owayemdala kubo asusela emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Imbali lwemveli Russian ithi kule mini imizekeliso emininzi weza elifutshane, maxa wambi baphulukana intsingiselo yokuqala. Umzekelo, bathi: "Kungenxa kule meko nja wadla" nto leyo ebonisa ubuchule, kodwa ke abantu Russian kwi gqolo endala: "Ewe umsila yayiminxa." Oko akunjalo, akukho phezulu kangaka.

umculo

iintlobo yamandulo intsomi umculo Russian isekelwe becala ingoma uhlobo. Iingoma - yinto uhlobo lomsebenzi zomculo kwaye yomlomo ngaxeshanye okanye ombambazelayo okanye esibalisayo, nto leyo kujongwe nje ukucula. ngoma kunokuba ombambazelayo, ingoma umdaniso, iintsomi, imbali, yaye bonke bephela ichazwa njengokuba neminqweno ngamnye, yaye iimvakalelo zabantu abaninzi, ukuba basoloko zingqinelane nemeko zangaphakathi zoluntu.

Ingaba kukho uthando amava, izibhengezo bayahlelwa ingaba, ukuba inkcazo zentlalo okanye usapho ubomi - oko kusoloko kufuneka kubaphulaphuli umdla, kwaye ngaphandle kokwenza ingoma karhulumente kwengqondo abaninzi kangangoko abantu ukuphulaphula imvumi angeke. kakhulu ezifana nabantu reception okukhona, xa isimo ombambazelayo elinye nemvelo. "Yintoni na ume ngaphandle wagalela, ash intaba obhityileyo", "Akukho ukukhanya ebusuku kodwa kwiinyanga", umzekelo. Yaye phantse kunqabile ucaca ingoma intsomi apho le okukhona angekhoyo. Nditsho iingoma zembali - "Ermak", "Stepan Razin" kunye nabanye - oko rhoqo wafunyanwa. Kule impembelelo nangokweemvakalelo ngoma kuba namandla kakhulu, kwaye ingoma ngokwayo waqonda lubeka phi.

Kwaye tale enkulukazi

Uhlobo lobuciko ethathe imilo kakuhle phambi kokuba ngenkulungwane yesithoba, ibonakele elithi "luzayo" kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kuphela kwakuthetha ingoma yobuqhawe ngesimilo yeqhawe. Siyazi lo amaqhawe, iculwa ngenkulungwane yesithoba, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo hayi yokuqala, nje asifikeleli thina, ezilahlekileyo kwiinkulungwane. Wonke umntwana uyayazi amaqhawe luzayo - amaqhawe Ziqulethe ifanelekileyo yesizwe ubuzwe, isibindi namandla: zabarhwebi Sadko kulya Muromets, isigebenga Svyatogor kunye Mikula Selyaninovich. Le epics iyelenqe kwashiya ngezenzo ezibalulekileyo lwemeko kodwa aphuculweyo kakhulu kwaye fantastic: babe Teleport (nangoko singoyisa umgama ukusuka Murom ukuya Kyïv), makhe impi soyisa yedwa ( "ukulungisa indlela banikina - iya kuba isitalato njengoko banikina ekhohlo - nasezirhangeni" ), yaye, ke, eli rhamncwa: inamba-headed ezintathu - Inyoka dragon. Iintlobo Russian intsomi yobugcisa ntlobo ngomlomo kuphela. Kukho kwakhona i intsomi namabali.

Epics zahluka iintsomi ukuba iziganeko idluleyo etsomo ngokupheleleyo. iintsomi kweentlobo ezimbini: Household imilingo. Ekhaya emelwe abantu abaninzi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa abaqhelekileyo - abathetheli namakhosazana, iikumkani neekumkanikazi, amajoni kunye nabasebenzi, nabalimi kunye nababingeleli kule meko zesiqhelo. A nentsomi qiniseka ukuba ukutsala amandla kwamnandi, zakudala isicatshulwa kunye kwiipropati emangalisayo, njalo-njalo. Tale sinethemba ngokubanzi, yaye yahluke gqitha ukusuka ibali neminye imisebenzi uhlobo. Xa iintsomi ngokuqhelekileyo ogqiba, imikhosi elungileyo kuphela ububi asoloko oyisiwe, iyakugculela kuzo zonke iindlela. Legend ngokungafani nentsomi - womlomo ibali malunga ummangaliso kumnandi imifanekiso, yinto eningenakukholwa kwenzeka ukuba esi sisililo somntu kunye nomphulaphuli abone nje eqinisekile. Side sifike ntsomi babahedeni kokusekwa kwehlabathi, ilizwe lokuzalwa, iilwandle, abantu yokusebenza zombini abalinganiswa etsomo kwaye ibe yinyani.

namhlanje

Modern Russian lobuciko akakwazi ukumela kakuhle inkcubeko yobuhlanga, njengoko le nkcubeko - yanda ngokuphindwe. Nawuphi yokuhlala mihla - ukusuka lali lincinci ukuya sisixeko - yinto ngxubevange amaqela ezahlukeneyo eentlanga, kunye nophuhliso zendalo lomntu ngamnye ngaphandle elisetyenziswa kunye nendlela urhulumente azakuboleka nje akunakwenzeka. Oko ke ngoku sibizwa ngokuba kubantu lwezobugcisa kunokuba a stylization ngabom, folklorisation, apho kukho ubugcisa professional ukuba ophefumlelwe iintshukumisa ngokobuzwe.

Ngamanye amaxesha ngumsebenzi engahlawulwayo, ngathi ubunzima nenkcubeko, kunye nomsebenzi seengcibi. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi esulungekileyo kwaye sisakhula kungathathwa yezandla kuphela - ubugcisa bezandla. Kusekho ekhoyo, ukongeza umsebenzi, yobuhlanga nokuyila, nangona imveliso elide ubeke phezu yokuthutha kunye namathuba improvisation ndini.

Abantu kunye nobuchule

Yintoni abantu ukuthini ngabantu? Abemi beli lizwe, uhlanga. Kodwa ke, umzekelo, eRashiya kukho amashumi zobugcisa original yobuhlanga kunye iintsomi inemisebenzi eziqhelekileyo efumaneka udibaniso zonke iintlanga. Chuvash, Tatar, Mari, kwaye nkqu Chukchi - ngumsebenzi namhlanje iimvumi, amagcisa, abakhi musa ukuboleka omnye komnye? Kodwa iimpawu zawo ezifanayo kwetyiswe inkcubeko ebakumgangatho ophezulu. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba, ukongeza oonodoli, kufuneka ethile imveliso kumazwe angaphandle, ngubani na ikhadi lwethu ubizo. inkcaso Minimum, wahlaba umtyangapho wekhwelo lokumanywa obuyi ngaphakathi uhlanga, ngoko oku icala zobugcisa zale mihla kwezizwe of Russia. Namhlanje:

• uhlanga (folklorizirovannoe) ubuchule,
• ubuchule engahlawulwayo,
• bobuchule abantu abaqhelekileyo,
• ubuchule engahlawulwayo.

Bayakulangazelela umsebenzi zobugcisa liphilile, okoko nje umntu uyaphila. Kungenxa yoko le nto namhlanje wezobugcisa akhulayo.

Art, umdlalo lokudala

Art ophambili, inkcubeko professional efuna italente engaqhelekanga kwaye isebenza - sisalathisi inqanaba lophuhliso yobuhle yoluntu. Ulwalamano intsomi ngayo encinane kakhulu, ngaphandle nesikunikwayo: zonke abaqambi, umzekelo wabhala, i symphony, esebenzisa nokubetha iingoma zomculo womthonyama. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukuba oko, kungekhona ingoma intsomi. Heritage of Inkcubeko yakwaNtu - bokuyila njengoko sisalathisi nekomiti yophuhliso okanye ngamnye. Loo namasiko kungaba ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo nangokupheleleyo. Isiphumo inkcubeko beyunithi nosiyazi template, isipho esivela abantu uphindaphindo kunokwenzeka - yinto ikuba, bayo hlobo, nto leyo eyilelwe ukususa ntshikilelo ukusuka mechanicalness ubomi mihla.

Apha uya kuqaphela ezinye iimpawu ekuqaleni ekwakuphila, kwi lobuciko ubugcisa kutsalela imixholo yawo kwaye nendlela yokuthetha. Le nkqubo eliqhelekileyo: nokuluka, nezimfakamfele, nangokukrola, elibenze eziwisela, ukupeyinta zokuhombisa, bexhentsa, njalo-njalo. I ntiyiso lobuciko wayengakuqondi elinezinto utshintsho sobugcisa izimbo iminyaka eliwaka. Ngoku ke nithi ngokubonakalayo kule owayephila lobuciko. The degree of stylization yahluka kwakunye nohlobo ekuqondeni zonke iinjongo endala eziqeshiweyo.

ubugcisa bezandla

Ukususela kudala eyaziwa intsomi isicelo vutshila Russia. Oku mhlawumbi kuphela yezityalo ayikhange iingunqu namhlanje. Ezi zinto ukusuka kudaladala unanamhla ehonjisiweyo nokuphucula ekhaya kunye nobomi boluntu. craft Rural ubuchule nkqu isakhiwo ngokwanelisayo nzima, kubalulekile ebomini mihla.

Nangona ngoku zonke ezi zinto azikho kakhulu lweprakhthikhali umthwalo kubuhle. Le ubucwebe neempempe, izinto zokudlala, kunye umhombiso ingaphakathi. kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla kufuneka iintlobo zabo zobugcisa, zobugcisa bezandla. Edume kakhulu kwaye inemibalabala ke zilandelayo.

Nezikhafu, samovars

Orenburg qhiya - le qhiya, izikhafu efudumeleyo inzima yaye ikhaphukhaphu kunye neengubo zokwaleka ezikrelekrele-webs. indlela ukunitha weza evela kude, ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ukhombe inyaniso lwanaphakade ubumnandi, ubuhle, umyalelo. Iibhokhwe Orenburzhye ezizodwa kakhulu, iintsiba kunika engaqhelekanga, oko basonta obhityileyo kunye ixesha elide. Phantsi ephakade Orenburg knitters kunye neengcibi Tula. A va nga oovulindlela: wafunyanwa yokuqala samovar yobhedu kwi bemba iVolga komzi Dubovka, lisukela emva ekuqaleni ngexesha lokufunyanwa kumaXesha Aphakathi.

In Russia iti wabanjwa on ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Kodwa zocweyo samovar yokuqala besebusweni e Tula. Le yunithi isekhona imbeko, neti esela ukusuka samovar kwi cone ngcu - gqitha nezolo kwi zokuhlala. Ukuba kakhulu abohlukeneyo ifomu yaye uhombiso - emilambo, zitsha, ayiqabe boonobumba, izithombe, nezinto zokubhala milenge, original imisebenzi yobugcisa, nayo kakhulu elula kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Sele kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba okuqala samovars Tula livelise ukuya ku-1200 ngonyaka! Baye kuthengiswe yi ubunzima. Brass ezixabisa engange omathandathu ezine pud nganye, nobhedu red - asithoba. Ku va imali eninzi.