Oxide esiyityhefu: nokulungiselela kunye neempawu

Kwimeko enjalo element lwezakhi, ezifana iarseniki, singene isikhundla kwi intsimbi - nonmetal. Xa umsebenzi wabo na phakathi hydrogen kunye ubhedu. uhlobo Non-eqaqambileyo bubuhle kwabonakala into yokuba liyakwazi ukusebenzisa isidanga se igcwala -3 (Ash ₃ - arsine). Zithako kunye namachibi karhulumente entle +3 abe iipropati amphoteric, yaye iqondo +5 sibonakalisa iimpawu zayo asidi. Yintoni esiyityhefu oxide?

Oxides kunye hydroxides

Le oxides esiyityhefu zilandelayo: Njengoko ₂ O ₃ Njengoko _{2 O-5.} Kukho kwakhona hydroxides esihambelanayo:

• Metamyshyakovistaya acid HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya acid H ₃ Aso _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya acid HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya acid H ₃ Aso _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya acid H ₂ Njengoko ₄ O _7.

Yintoni esiyityhefu trioxide?

oxide Ityhefu lwenza ezimbini apho Njengoko _{2 3} unalo igama trioxide. Le into, nto leyo ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa unyango, kodwa akukho lwekhemikhali engenabungozi. Le compound ezingaphiliyo leyo kuyinto enkulu iikhompawundi umthombo organoarsenicheskih (iikhompawundi eziqulathe carbon bond c) kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abaninzi ukusetyenziswa Njengoko _{2 3} zinokuphikiswa ngenxa yohlobo zinetyhefu le element. Igama Urhwebo yale compound yi Trisenox.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga trioxide

Ifomula chemical trioxide esiyityhefu na le fomu ilandelayo Njengoko _{2 O-3.} Ubunzima molekyuli ye-compound yi 197,841 g / Mol. Zininzi iindlela ukuze afumane le oxide. Enye yazo kaJohn-ore sulphide. Indlela abasabela imichiza imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2As _{2 O-3} + 9O ₂ → 2As _{2 O-3} + 6Ngoko ₂

Uninzi oxides zingafumaneka njenge eceleni le processing of ezinye izimbiwa. Arsenopyrite yinto engcolileyo leyo eqhelekileyo ngegolide nangobhedu, kwaye ukhupha iarseniki trioxide, xa itshiswe ngokusondele kwi phambi komoya. Oku kunokukhokelela ityhefu kakhulu.

Ubume trioxide esiyityhefu

Ityhefu trioxide unalo ifomula Njengoko ₄ Owu ₆ kwisigaba ulwelo kunye negesi (ngezantsi 800 ° C). Kwezi izigaba, oko isostructural kunye fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Noko ke, kwiqondo lobushushu ngasentla 800 ° C As ₄ O ₆ kuwa ukuba eziphilayo Njengoko _{2 O-3.} Kwesi sigaba ke isostructural kunye diizotrona trioxide (N _{2 O-3).} KwiNtetho yayo eqinileyo, le ezimbaxa ubonisa polymorph ubuchule (ukukwazi ukuba zikhona iintlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kobume crystal).

Iimpawu trioxide esiyityhefu

Ezinye iimpawu ezisisiseko iarseniki trioxide zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• izisombululo trioxide ifomu asidi ngamanzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-compound amphoteric i oxide kwistibhiya.
• Kuyinto enyibilikayo izisombululo ialakalin aze anike arsenate.
• trioxide esiyityhefu uba ukunyibilika aphezulu zehydrochloric acid (HCl), yaye ekugqibeleni ibonelela kanzulu iarseniki trichloride kunye acid.
• Kunika pentoxide (Njengoko ₂ O ₅₎ phambi iioksidenti kakhulu ezifana iperoksayidi yehidrojeni, ozone kunye ne-nitric acid.
• Nguye phantse ezingenakunyibilika organic izinyibilikisi.
• Kubonakala ngathi emhlophe eqinileyo zikwimeko oluqhelekileyo emzimbeni.
• Kuye indawo ukunyibilika 312,2 ° C kunye nendawo okubila 465 ° C.
• Ukuxinana kwale nto 4.15 g / cm ^3.

Ukusetyenziswa trioxide esiyityhefu amayeza

Le chemical i udidi arhente antineoplastic, kwaye isetyenziswa kunyango lomhlaza. ubuthi Ityhefu yaziwa kakuhle. Noko ke, trioxide esiyityhefu sisiyobisi ichemotherapy esetyenziswa ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza iminyaka emininzi. Isisombululo esetyenziselwa le unyango kuthiwa isisombululo womthiyeli. Ngowe-1878 Hospital godu Boston City ingxelo ukuba esi sisombululo ukuze ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni inani leukocytes ebantwini.

Ngenxa yoko _{2 3} isetyenziswe ikakhulu ngenxa unyango wegazi, yonke imihla de indawo radiotherapy. Kodwa emva kokuba 1930, ngokuthe ngcembe wabuyela kwayo kwi unyango wegazi, okoko nje kukho ichemotherapy mihla. Le oksayidi iarseniki ithathwa indlela olona nyango wegazi ezingapheliyo myelogenous. Nanamhlanje le into lisetyenziswa ukunyanga uhlobo oluthile wegazi etsolo promyelocytic kunye retinoid akuphumelelanga okanye nechemotherapy anthracycline. Ithi isetyenziswe ukunyanga leukemia ezigulo ezondeleyo myeloid, ezigula ezininzi, leukemia etsolo myeloid, lymphoma, umhlaza kwenkqubo emithanjeni.

ukusebenzisa trioxide

trioxide Ityhefu lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni yeglasi enemibala. Le compound uluncedo kwakhona xa elektroniki ukwakha semiconductors ezinye aluminium. Lusetyenziswa ipeyinti. Ityhefu trioxide inokuba ngempumelelo unyango yamathumba ebuchotsheni.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, le nto isetyenziswa bamazinyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yikhompawundi zinetyhefu kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa bamazinyo mihla luye lwayekiswa. oxide Ityhefu (Njengoko ₂ O Formula ₃₎ isetyenziswe ukubola ibe ziinkuni, kodwa izinto nathintelwayo ngokomthetho kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Kudibaniso acetate iarseniki trioxide ubhedu unika ngombala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo.

into inetyhefu kakhulu

Trioxide ngokwawo inqanaba eliphezulu yetyhefu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka usoloko uthathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko phambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Hlwa. Ukuba Njengoko _{2 O-3,} ngempazamo ungena wokugaya, kufuneka ngoko nangoko udibane nogqirha. Ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba zizama ukubaphembelela ukugabha phambi kokuba ufune uncedo lonyango. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ususe nayiphi na impahla tight, ndiyisuse iqhina layo, unbutton njengomqala, ibhanti njalo njalo. D.
• Qhagamshelana nesikhumba. Kwimeko lokudibana naye nawuphi na umgangatho lomzimba kufuneka akhawuleze ayihlambe kummandla ochaphazelekayo kunye namanzi amaninzi. iimpahla ezimdaka kunye nezihlangu kufuneka isuswe ngoko nangoko, yaye kufuneka ahlambe, phambi kokuba isetyenziswe. Kwimeko qha kakhulu eluswini, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ufune uncedo lonyango. Kusenokuba luncedo iintsholongwane ukuhlanjwa kwindawo eyosulelekileyo ngesepha nesicelo cream antibacterial.
• Eye contact. Ukuba Njengoko _{2 O-3} iza wawumdibanisa ngamehlo, into yokuqala omawuyenze ukuze ususe naziphi na iilenisi contact ugeze iliso ngamanzi imizuzu eli-15. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise amanzi abandayo. Okuhamba, umntu kufuneka ubize inqwelo yezigulana.
• Inhalation. Abantu abaye bephefumla igesi, kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nomoya omtsha. Kwakhona, kufuneka ngoko nangoko ufune uncedo lonyango. Ukuba kunzima nokuphefumla, oxygen kufuneka ngoko nangoko kulawulwa. Ukuba ixhoba akakwazi ukuba aphefumle ngokwabo, kufuneka ukunika nokuphefumla ngumntu.
• Le umchiza inokuba nempembelelo yityhefu ebantwini. Kwimeko nokudla izixa ngokugqithiseleyo iarseniki trioxide, kusenokuba kukhokelela ekufeni. iindondo zokhuseleko neeglavu kufuneka kusoloko kusetyenziswa xa besebenza _{ne-2 O-3.} Umsebenzi kufuneka kusoloko kwenziwe kwindawo kakuhle umoya.

imiphumela emibi

iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga Common weli ziquka iimpawu ezifana:

• imnyama;
• ukuphalaza;
• isicaphucaphu;
• walunywa;
• nokuqunjelwa;
• intloko ebuhlungu;
• nokudinwa;
• nesiyezi;
• umkhuhlane;
• uphefumla iingxaki;
• inqanaba eliphezulu leukocytes;
• eswekile yegazi aphezulu;
• irhashalala.

Ngaphantsi side effects ezixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• umlomo owomileyo;
• ukuphefumla kunqaba;
• ubuhlungu esifubeni;
• amazinga aphantsi leucocytes;
• imisipha bone nantlungu;
• iindumbisa ebusweni namehlo;
• sorhudo;
• lafa;
• iswekile eliphantsi igazi;
• amanqanaba ioksijini Low egazini.

iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga Onge _{yase-2 O-3:}

• ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi (leyo enokude ikhokelele ekufeni);
• umzimba;
• niphele;
• ndingekhoyo kwentliziyo;
• coma;
• esiswini kalanga;
• lifathul kwesikhumba.

Ubomi-ukusongela iimpawu ukuphefumla trioxide esiyityhefu - yazuza ubunzima, ifiva, ubunzima ukuphefumla, ukuphelelwa umoya, iintlungu esifubeni, ukhohlokhohlo.

trioxide Ityhefu lulwelo inetyhefu kakhulu, nto leyo nokuba kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni yobomi. Noko ke, kufuneka ube luncedo kwezonyango. Kufuneka uwave ke amanyathelo.

ekudibaneni kwemichiza

trioxide Ityhefu i amphoteric oxides ephezulu of iarseniki kunye izisombululo zayo zolwelo kuba nguvumazonke asidi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele enyibilikayo izisombululo obrak ukufumana arsenates. Lingaphantsi enyibilikayo asidi, ngaphandle zehydrochloric.

Kuphela iioksidenti olomeleleyo ezifana ozone, iperoksayidi yehidrojeni kunye ne-nitric acid, ukuba ukusekwa esiyityhefu penta-oxide kunye neqondo asidi 5 Njengoko _{2 O-5.} Ngokuphathelele ukumelana igcwala, trioxide esiyityhefu kwahlukile phosphorus trioxide, nto leyo ngokulula itshiswe ukuya phosphorus pentoxide. Ukuncipha unika iarseniki elemental okanye arsine (ash _3).

esiyityhefu pentoxide

Chemical Formula pentoxide yi Njengoko _{2 O-5.} ubunzima bayo izinyo ka 229.8402 g / Mol. It is a ngumgubo emhlophe hygroscopic kunye ukuxinana 4.32 g / cm ^3. Lokunyibilika ifikelela 315 ° C, apho iqalisa ukubola. Le nto iye ukunyibilika elungileyo emanzini kunye notywala. Iipropati oxide Ityhefu yenza kakhulu ziyityhefu kwaye eyingozi kokusingqongileyo. Le compound ezingaphiliyo nto leyo a azixhaphakanga, inetyhefu kakhulu yaye ngenxa yoko ifumana isicelo yorhwebo kuphela umda, ngokungafaniyo iarseniki oxide ephakamileyo (Njengoko ₂ O Formula _3).

Ityhefu waziwa ngokuba kwetyhefu carcinogen. trioxide wayo - ngumgubo yamanzi-enyibilikayo, nto leyo yenza isisombululo enemibala emihle, Ekse kunye esha. A ku ri ndlela ithandwa ngokubulala kumaXesha Aphakathi. ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyaqhubeka namhlanje, kodwa iinjongo enoxolo hi mpimo lowutsongo.