Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "I Oresteia" yi Aeschylus. Le trilogy of Aeschylus 'Oresteia ": isishwankathelo nenkcazo

Aeschylus wazalelwa Eleusis, kufuphi nesixeko yesiGrike eAtene ngo-525 BC. e. Waba yokuqala tragedians enkulu yamaGrike, owandulela ababhali ezifana Sophocles kunye UEuripides, yaye izazinzulu ezininzi bayavuma idrama kabuhlungu umdali wayo. De kwiilwimi zesiNtu, ngelishwa, siye sasinda imidlalo ezisixhenxe kuphela ababhala Aeschylus - "Prometheus Bound," "Oresteia," "Zisixhenxe Against IThebes" kunye nabanye. Phambi kwakhe ukudlala njenge uhlobo baba ngokwaneleyo - kunye nomdlali omnye ekungqungqeni, zanikela izimvo. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, Aeschylus wongezelela "zolinganiso yesibini" (kaninzi ngaphezu kwesinye), ukudala uthotho iimpawu ezintsha zobugcisa ezinkulu.

Wayephila ku-456 BC. e., ukulwa iimfazwe nxamnye wasePersi, kwakunye efikelela eninzi ingqalelo kwihlabathi yokubonela Athene. Eli nqaku liza kuthathwa trilogy, eyabhalwa Aeschylus - ". Oresteia" Isishwankathelo yomjikelo ziza kuchazwa ngokwahlukeneyo yintlekele nganye.

Oko kuquka a trilogy?

"Agamemnon" na umdlalo wokuqala trilogy "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus, ezinye iinxalenye ezimbini - i "Hoefory" yaye "Eumenides". Le trilogy - emidala kuphela ngendlela ngokupheleleyo Greece yamandulo. Ngokutsho nabagxeki ezininzi, luyayidlula esibuhlungu baseAthene wakha ebhaliweyo ngenxa uhlobo imibongo kunye nabalinganiswa olomeleleyo.

Aeschylus 'Oresteia ": Isishwankathelo ezibuhlungu

"Agamemnon" ichaza inzame Clytemnestra kunye nesithandwa sakhe kwenye abalinganiswa abaphambili, sentlekele yokuqala igama ogama. Intlekele "Hoefory" iqhubeka ibali, ezichaza ukubuya unyana ka Agamemnon - Orestes, abo babulala unina, yaye ngaloo ndlela revenge for omnye umzali. Xa umsebenzi yokugqibela, nto leyo eyinxalenye trilogy - "The Eumenides" - Orestes esukelwa Erin sisohlwayo matricide, yaye ekugqibeleni ufumana yokusabela eAthene, apho uthixokazi Athena uyasikhulula kuye kotshutshiso. Makhe siqwalasele isishwankathelo "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus thaca kweli nqaku.

Wayo inxalenye yokuqala trilogy

Phambi kwethu - inkcazelo eneenkcukacha Amazing ka Agamemnon, ukumkani Argos, ukususela kaTrojan War. Kwibhotwe ulindele ukuba umfazi wakhe, Clytemnestra, eyayifuna ukuba bambulale kwindawo yokuqala, njengoko revenge ezombingelelo intombi yabo, ugama Iphigenia, yaye, okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba ngexesha elishumi-elide bengekho Agamemnon, wangena uyakrexeza ne Aegisthus, umzala yendoda yakhe. Le yokugqibela i eseleyo kuphela abazalwana ubomi, ndayihluthwa kwintsapho-owned kwaye uzimisele ukuba aphinde etroneni yakhe, yena ukholelwa unelungelo kufuneka iqiniseke kuye.

Aeschylus 'Oresteia' "Agamemnon" (isishwankathelo)

"Agamemnon" ukususela ekudalweni xa unogada umsebenzi wakhe, ngoxa phezu kwebhotwe e Argos, elindele ukuba umqondiso, nto leyo ibiya kuthetha ukuwa Troy umkhosi yamaGrike. Obumbeneyo beacon, waza wabaleka ngovuyo ukuba ziye kuvakalisa iindaba ukumkanikazi Clytemnestra. Xa amagqabi, ikwayara, eyakhiwa Amadoda amakhulu Argos, ubalisa ibali ngendlela kaTrojan prince Paris weba uHelen, umfazi isiGrike ukumkani Menelaus, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni leminyaka-elide imfazwe phakathi Greece kunye uTroy. Emva koko ke ikwayara ukhumbula indlela umyeni wakhe Clytemnestra, Agamemnon (umntakwabo Menelaus '), wazisa intombi yakhe Iphigenia ibe lidini yothixokazi uArtemis sisananelo umoya ithembisa ukuba Greek Navy.

I-Queen ibonakala, kwaye ikwayara ebuza ukuba kutheni wayalela inkonzo nokubulela. Uxelela ukuba inkqubo CTLI wazisa iindaba ukuba uTroy wawa kubusuku obudlulileyo. Ikwayara encoma oothixo, kodwa ke wazibuza ukuba iindaba yakhe ziyinyani; isithunywa kuvela kwaye qinisekisa bonke, echaza iimbandezelo bomkhosi e Troy, kwaye siyabulela ngenxa ukubuyela ekhaya ekhuselekileyo. Clytemnestra sa it emva Agamemnon ukuya emva ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba amagqabi, ikwayara icela iindaba malunga Menelaus. Herald ithi uqhwithela olubi wathimba fleet Greek endleleni egodukayo, ngoko Menelaus kunye nabanye abaninzi wayengekho.

Ikwayara uhlabelela amandla eyoyikekayo etshabalalisayo ubuhle Helena. Agamemnon ubonakala ngenqwelo ne UCassandra, inkosazana isikhupheli seTrojan, wenza ikhoboka lakhe neshweshwe. Clytemnestra imema kuye, ubonisa ekuhleni uthando lwakhe, nto leyo enyanisweni akunjalo, yaye Ulungiselela ukuba kubekho ukwamkelwa eqaqambileyo, isidlo ikhaphethi nemfusa phambi kwakhe. Agamemnon imphathe kakubi yaye wathi ehamba phezu kwekhaphethi bekuya kuba sisenzo namabhongo okanye ikratshi ngokugqithiseleyo; baphikelela, bembongoza ukuba bahambe ekhaphethini, kwaye engena ebhotwe.

Ikwayara yesi inkathazo; Clytemnestra uphuma ukumema UCassandra ngaphakathi. inkosazana Trojan cwaka, kwaye ukumkanikazi simshiya lithemba. ke UCassandra iqala ukuthetha, bevakalisa nje isiprofeto ezichaseneyo nesiqalekiso phezu kwendlu Agamemnon. Utshela ekungqungqeni, ukuba uya kubona abafileyo ukumkani wabo, afe naye, uze ukuqikelela ukuba umphindezeli alinakufika kubo. Emva kwezi uqikelelo ngqindilili umprofetikazi kubonakala ukuba baxolelaniswe Isiphelo sakhe aze aye kungena endlwini. Loyiko Iqembu elandayo njengoko esiva ukuba Agamemnon ekhala ziintlungu. Ngoxa lalizixubusha ntoni, iingcango ezivulekileyo kunye Clytemnestra ubonakala, ezinemithi phezu izidumbu nomyeni wakhe UCassandra. Uthi yena wambulala ukuba akayi kukha abalungise na intombi yakhe, kwaye ibhengeza kunxulumano lwayo Aegisthus, nesithandwa sakhe. Khor wathi Orestes ubuyela ekuthinjweni ukuba akayi kukha abalungise na uyise.

Wayo ntlekele "Hoefory"

"Hoefory" - na imveliso yesibini, nto leyo eyinxalenye trilogy "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus. Ukwachaphazela kunye ngokuhlanganisa abantwana Agamemnon, ezizezi Orestes kunye Electra, kunye endlebeni yabo. Orestes uthatha ubomi Clytemnestra yeyam ukufa Agamemnon, uyise.

Isigaba sesibini trilogy

Isishwankathelo i "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus ukuqhubeka ecacisa iziganeko yesibini intlekele - "Hoefory" apho kwindawo eziphambili inikwa iingqiqo ezifana impindezelo nokubulala. Orestes ufika engcwabeni ngabazali bakhe, sihamba kunye nomzala Pylades, nyana wokumkani Phocis; apho kushiya kwiindawana ezimbalwa iinwele. Orestes and Pylades ezimele njengoko Electra, udade Orestes ', naye waya engcwabeni, kunye ikwayala nemazi, ukuze enze isenzo kwanomnikelo (yombingelelo inkqubo candelo) kwi engcwabeni; Clytemnestra bathunyelwa, ngokutsho kwakhe, "ukubonisa umonakalo." Xa isiganeko isiko iphela, Electra ubone nemidzaluka kweenwele engcwabeni, yena afana iinwele zakhe. Kweli nqanaba, Orestes kunye Pylades baphume zizimele, kunye Orestes ngcembe siqiniseke ukuba ngokwenene umntakwabo.

Lixesha lokuba Eyona nto inzima iintlekele isetyenziswayo isiGrike, xa ikwayara, Orestes kunye Electra bazama ukuba zivuse umoya womfi Agamemnon, kangangokuba wabanceda ukuba Impindezelo yeyam. Orest wayezibuza isizathu sokuba Clytemnestra wathumela enze isenzo kwanomnikelo ukuba ikhokelele sigqibo. Khor uthi Clytemnestra ndavuswa ukusuka Uthi bakhe ubuthongo: yena waphupha ukuba wazala inyoka, olo oluse- belisondliwa esifubeni sakhe esidla ngendlela ubisi layo nje kuphela, kodwa igazi lakhe. Ekhathazekile ngale umqondiso yomsindo kaThixo kunokwenzeka, lo mfazi uthumela Electra kwingcwaba yomyeni wakhe ongasekhoyo ukwenza izithethe ukuzola. Orestes ukholelwa ukuba oko ngohlobo inyoka ephupheni unina kunye nodadewabo yakhela phezu isicwangciso impindezelo yokuba umzali wayo, ukukhawula wawubulala Aegisthus kunye Clytemnestra ngokwakhe.

Orestes kunye Pylades ngathi ukuba bangabasemzini, uxelele ukumkanikazi Orestes ufile. Okunoneleyo yi iindaba ezinjalo, Clytemnestra uthumela umkhonzi Aegisthus lize. Kamva Clytemnestra ubona Orestes emi phezu umzimba Aegisthus. Orestes wazibeka kwimeko enzima: ukuze akayi kukha abalungise na uyise, kufuneka ayixhelele lowo wazala kuye. Mfazi bares amabele, umcele ukuba inceba waza wathi: "Ihlazo phezu kwakho, mntwana." Orestes kukwabhenelwa umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Pylades, unyana ukumkani Phocis, aze abuze: 'Ngaba ndiya kuba neentloni kokubulawa unina "

impikiswano iqhina

Moments efuna ukucinga, kakhulu kwi trilogy, eyabhalwa Aeschylus - ". Oresteia" Uhlalutyo enye ingcali inokuba nomahluko ngokwesiseko neminye imibono. Iitoliki abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo mbuzo ka Orestes ezinxulumene nomxholo ngokubanzi: Abantu ngamanye amaxesha lifumana ubunzima, apho akukho sisombululo, ezifana iimbopheleleko zentsapho Orestes ngokumalunga umzali omnye ngokupheleleyo ngokuchaseneyo iimbopheleleko zentsapho kwabanye. Kukho omnye umbono. Oko kusenokubonakala ngathi ukuba akukho ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba nje umbuzo-buciko, ngenxa yokuba iingcebiso Orestes Pylades ngokuzithandela uyayamkela ukuchaneka into ayenzayo. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye bafunda trilogy, ezifana G.Ch. Huseynov. "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus yenye yezinto zonke izifundo zakhe.

Pylades Orestes icela ukuba ukulibala imisebenzi yabo kwi-Apollo. Orestes emva kokubulawa Uyayifihla umzimba phantsi impahla enxitywa nguyise. Kamsinya nje ishiya le ndlu, Erin uqale ahlukumeze kuye. Orestes ubaleka ngokuphakuzela afe. Chorus uprofetha ukuba umjikelo ugonyamelo akayeki ngokubulala Clytemnestra.

Wayo nentlekele "Eumenides"

Inxalenye yokugqibela trilogy "Oresteia" yi Aeschylus - kuyintlekele apho Orestes, Apollo kunye Furies beze eAreyopago. Athena iza kwabagwebi; ukuba isigqibo sokuba ingaba Orestes unetyala kukubulawa unina wakhe.

Isishwankathelo isahlulo sesithathu trilogy

Oreste uphethwe Erinyes intshutshiso (furycraft) zeziphi na oothixo ababandakanyekayo impindezelo okungekho sikweni. Ngenxa okukhuthaza, yena wenza kukubulawa unina wakhe. E Apollo e Ugcino Orestes ifumana uxolo lwengqondo, uThixo, lowo unako ukusindisa ngaye kuyo ingqumbo ka lusizi Erin umthumelela indlela yakhe, waza yena, esebenzisa yomabophe, ukuzama kuyilibazisa Erinyes.

Clytemnestra ivela njenge ghost, kodwa njani yaye phi - ayaziwa ... imbonakalo yakhe ngathi liphupha. Limema le Furies zokulala kuqhubeka omilenze yabo Orestes. Kamsinya nje omnye Erinyes iqala ukushukumisa ghost ihamba. Ukuvela imvakalelo Erinyes okusaqhubekayo nokusukela: bayamemelela ngazwinye, ndimvuse inokusityeda nezinomtsalane sijonge ukufumana ngevumba elimnandi igazi, abawusondezayo phezu Orestes. Legend yokuba lo iphambili lomdlalo, eyabhalwa ngu Aeschylus (i trilogy "Oresteia" Ngelo xesha impumelelo), iye yabangela uloyiko kangaka phakathi abaphulaphuli ukuba omnye abasetyhini abakhulelweyo waba kwesisu, waza wafela kuloo ndawo.

Le isigqibo

Track furies abanjwe. Athena baseAthene angenelele kugweba Orestes. Apollo uba ngumkhuseli ka Orestes, ngoxa Furies kuvela ecaleni kwabafileyo Clytemnestra. Ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala, Athena Apollo phantsi koxinzelelo uyavumelana nesibakala sokuba umntu kubaluleke ngaphezu umfazi. Oku kubalwa, yaye ujika ukuba ukufumana inani elilinganayo leevoti. Emva koko Uwa Erinyes ukwamkela isigwebo, yaye ekugqibeleni baya kuvumelana. Ngaphezu koko, baya kuba yinxalenye abemi baseAtene iya kunika indawo elungileyo yesixeko. Athena ngokusemthethweni ukuba umtyholwa kufuneka msulwa, njengoko inceba kufuneka kusoloko ukuyoyisa ukuhlukunyezwa. Le nkolelo yokuba ndifuna ukuzisa umbhali le trilogy.

endaweni yesiphelo

isishwankathelo "Orestea" Aeschylus esele uchazwe apha ngasentla enye kuphela umzekelo trilogy abalondolozwa ixesha. Dionysia umkhosi 458 BC. e. wafumana ibhaso lokuqala. Ekuqaleni ekhatshwa drama satirical "nxamnye", apho ke, engafakwanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ibinzana elithi "Oresteia" ekuqaleni ekubhekiselwe kuzo zonke ezine nemidlalo.