Ifakela Gentoo Linux - inyathelo ngu step guide

I Linux Inkqubo yokusebenza yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Amaninzi, abasebenzisi abangenamava basebenzisa i-Ubuntu distro, t. To. Kuyinto elula ukuba isimahla. Noko ke, nangona ezinye izinikezelo Ukwakhululekile, ukuba kancane. Kakhulu nzima ingabizwa ufakelo Gentoo. Kodwa imiyalelo zethu mhlawumbi uya kuphumelela.

Yintoni Gentoo Linux?

Le ukwabiwa, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba izakhono ezibanzi, ukuntsokotha, customizability. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba akukho ukuba wonke umntu, kunye nemfuneko ukubandakanya ngenkuthalo ingqondo, kuba ngaphandle kolwazi ezizodwa akuthethi ukuba ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza OS. Amaxesha amaninzi kufuneka zithetha zonke iintlobo imiyalelo, kodwa oku emva. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ufakelo lwempahla e Gentoo yenziwe kwimithombo ngesixhobo okhethekileyo nanini. Yinto nzima, kodwa umsebenzisi ungakhetha iipakethe ukufaka kunye nomsebenzi.

Kuxhomekeka umthamo ibandla, ufakelo kunokuthatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu (a imizuzu embalwa), kwaye unokuthatha iintsuku.

Ubuhle lobubi

Kukholelwa ukuba Gentoo Linux lonikezelo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa nakuyo yonke indawo, kukho neengxaki ezithile. "Gent" (or "Gentoo") lisebenza Linux izinikezelo Umthombo-based, kutheni ukwandisa isantya. Kodwa ke kaninzi xesha esiya kusetyenziselwa ukufakwa ixesha elide (funda: Ukuqulunqwa) phakheji. Enye iimpawu eziphambili "Gentoo" - ke ifoun ngenxa iintsimbi. Oku kuphunyezwa NOKUSETYENZISWA-iiflegi (ukuba Ulwazi ngezantsi) ifoun kunye nokwakha software evela umthombo, uqhagamshelo / loqhawulo kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo.

Olunye uncedo ongundoqo ukukwazi ukwenza izinikezelo baphume kuwo nanye into oyithandayo. может стать обычным сервером или рабочей станцией. Ngenxa nanini, Gen nathi singaba neseva eziqhelekileyo okanye wedesktop. Uncedo yesibini - bhetyebhetye. Le unikezelo into multi-iqonga kwaye isebenza na kulwakhiwo CPU. Le nkqubo sele ngemini- kwi lwazi bolwakhiwo lwempahla zilandelayo ngempumelelo:

1. X86.
2. X64.
3. Ingalo.
4. PowerPc970.
5. PowerPC.
6. Dec Alpha.
7. IBM / 390.
8. 68K.
9. Sparc.
10. PA-RISC.
11. MIPS.
12. SuperH.
13. PowerPC G5.

Gentoo nazo zikhuselwe kuzo zonke iintlobo semngciphekweni. Nokuhlaziya iphakheji ikhawuleza kakhulu, ngokunjalo ezipetshiweyo imingxuma semngciphekweni. Kukho iisayithi ezininzi kunye indibano sikweni kweenkqubo kunye binary esemthethweni luyakha.

Njengoko nibafake ukungabikho inkqubo yokufaka Gentoo. Beginners abangenalo amava phambi nale ukwabiwa, kuya kuba nzima. Kodwa ukuba umyalelo uya kuphumelela.

Indlela ukufaka Gentoo? umyalelo

Okokuqala, kufuneka ndimmisile ukwabiwa Ubuntu. Uya kudinga ufikelelo ingcambu, ngoko qiniseka ukuba. Kwakhona kufuneka uqhagamshelo intanethi.

Inyathelo kakhulu lokuqala - ehleli kwi Gentoo chroot. Ungakwenza oku ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Xa isikhawulezisi somyalelo ukuba babhalise: sudo amagorha-ukufumana ukufaka dchroot debootstrap.
2. Ndikunye zobuchopho kwaye ufake iiphakheji dchroot debootstrap. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i Linux yokusebenza wacinga "ekhaya" ulawulo lwakhe ezahlukeneyo ukusuka njengesiqhelo.

Ngoku kufuneka ukuba repartition idiski, okanye wenze entsha, ukuba kukho isithuba. Kodwa ukusebenza macandelo kufuneka ngenyameko, ngenxa yokuba kukho umngcipheko wokulahla yonke idatha. On kwiiforam ezininzi bhala ukuba Kukhethwa ukuba eninzi ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. Okungenani kufuneka abe ulwahlulo ephambili (/), kwakunye ulwahlulo / boot, kunye / var. Nangona kukho / tshintshanisa (asetyenziselwa yekhasi) kunye nekhaya / ekhaya.

Emva kokuba ukudala isahlulelo entsha ukufometha kubo. Ukuze ulwahlulo / boot, / ekhaya, imfuno eziphambili (/), / var ukusebenzisa reiser2 ext3 okanye.

Ngoku ukudala ifolda / mnt / gentoo. Kwicandelo ngalinye kufuna eyakhe eneenkcukacha yayo adalwe ngayo kuthi.

Entabeni izahlulelo ezintsha apha. Ukuze wenze oku, ukubeka oku kwilayini yomyalelo:

1. sudo entabeni / dev / sda5 / mnt / gentoo.
2. sudo entabeni / dev / sda6 / mnt / gentoo / ekhaya.

IiForam sda5 kunye sda6 ziya kuba iingcambu kunye sekhaya labobalawuli akufuneki.

Qiniseka ukukhangela ukuba umhla imiselwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba akunjalo, esebenzisa imiyalelo kunye kwezivakalisi unokuseta umhla ochanekileyo: Umhla MMDDhhmmYYYY.

Ngoku vula ibrawuza yakho uze uhambe uye Inxuwa lonikezelo ukulanda. Apho ekhangela njengesipili elungileyo yendawo yakho.

Ukususela weefayili kukhupho / ia64 / 2008,0 / zigaba ukulayisha stage3 tar-archive. Ngoku yisa yokugcina kwifowulda Gentoo. Senza ngayo umyalelo: MV stage3 * .bz2 * / mnt / gentoo.

Tshintsha ku lawulo (cd / mnt / gentoo) kwaye khangela yokugcina kunye MD5. Ukubhala kumgca yomyalelo: md5sum stage3 -c * .md5. Ngoko khangela ukuba ifayile ayenziwanga yonakele, kwaye nokuba yena kulungile. Ukuba awufuni ukufumana impendulo Kulungile, kuza kufuneka ukulayisha kwakhona.

Yiya elandelayo Gentoo nokufakwa uqwalaselo inyathelo. Kufuneka ukuba simunce iifayile kwindawo yokugcina. Sebenzisa umyalelo: sudo tar xvjpf stage3 * .bz2 ulinde okugqitywa.

Kulungiselelwa Gentoo

Ngoku esinayo Gentoo phantsi iinkqubo eziphambili. Nakanjani sifuna nanini - isixhobo solawulo package ezizodwa. Enkosi kuye, sifumana kolawulo lweenkqubo efakiweyo. Ukuze wenze oku, buyela site download. Kule iifoto ezikhawulezayo ukuba ufuna asanda ungeza nanini. Uzilayishe ezantsi kwaye uye kulawulo / mnt / gentoo. Oku kungcono ukumisela nje umyalelo: tar xvjf /mnt/gentoo/portage-.tar.bz2 -C / mnt / gentoo / usr.

Yintoni nanini na?

A amagama ambalwa kufuneka ngaye esisixhobo. Nanini - inkqubo ukuba ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ukulawula iipasela ekwabelaneni. Iyilelwe ukuba lula inkqubo ukufaka software nomthombo khowudi. Ingasetyenziswa ukususa iipakethi, uyazihlaziya ukungqamanisa yi rsync protocol. Xa nanini ngokulanda iifayile, inkqubo uqokelela inkqubo usebenzisa ezantsi ikhowudi yemvelaphi kwaye kuxhasa ukusebenza kuyo.

Kweli nqanaba, sizibekela iiflegi yenza. make.conf Vula, nto leyo ibekwe kulawulo / gentoo / njalo-njalo Sisebenzisa umhleli cacileyo zokubhaliweyo. Olu xwebhu ichaza make.conf.example kundikhapha yenza umahluko. Ziqhelanise nayo. Sebenzisa ezi izinto kunye ifayile yoqwalaselo ukulungiselela ufakelo.

Simele siqiniseke ukuba useto zadluliselwa ukusuka lonikezelo Ubuntu ingatshintshanga. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba DNS-uqwalaselo (sudo cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf) kunye nenkqubo le proc (sudo mount -t proc namnye / mnt / gentoo / proc).

Ukuba useto zonke ekunene, yiya chroot. Ukuyenza, kufuneka:

1. Tshintsha ingcambu ulawulo. Xa bhala isikhawulezisi somyalelo: sudo chroot / mnt / gentoo / bin / daviuz
2. Vuselela okusingqongileyo kwaye wenze kucace ukuba terminal, apho sibekwe khona. Xa isikhawulezisi somyalelo le: / usr / sbin / eses-uhlaziyo.
3. Yibeke kwimemori: umthombo / etc / iprofayili.

Ukususela ngalo mzuzu wena kwinkqubo Gentoo.

Ukubala i kernel

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo Isigaba - ekuqulunqweni kernel - inxalenye yenkqubo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba anike ufikelelo kwinkqubo nini kwaye njani. Ngaphandle kernel, akukho inkqubo yokusebenza ayisebenzi. Kwakhona, ufake impahla kunye rsync-server. Thina zingenele lo myalelo: ivele --sync. Ecacileyo, bacinga ukuba kuya kufakelwa uguqulelo kernel 2.6. Kweli nqanaba kuyimfuneko ukuvakalisa UKUSETYENZISWA seeflegi ukuba ukunika compiler ukuqonda oko iinketho neempawu isicelo. Kubalulekile ukucacisa iiflegi ezichanekileyo, kungenjalo umphumo ukuba kungalindeleka ngokupheleleyo.

Ngamnye Ungeza iflegi - eli lizwi. Iinketho abasusekayo kuboniswe ngo "-" phambi ilizwi. Umzekelo, ngokuba ufako ekuqulunqweni kweenkqubo kunye iinketho ukuxhasa Ogg kufuneka nje ukudibanisa Ogg. Ukuba akuyomfuneko, uze ubhale -ogg.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba ukhethe indlela NOKUSETYENZISWA-iindwe ukusuka, qiniseka ukuba ukukhangela Gentoo uxwebhu.

Emva kokukhetha yenarha make.conf evulekileyo / etc / ulawulo uphinde uyifake.

Ukubeka Zone Time

Inyathelo elilandelayo - ucwangciso izowuni yexesha. Bonke bephela kwi weefayili / usr / share / zoneinfo. Tyhila apha Thina, faka i Yi umyalelo kwaye ubone uluhlu olukhoyo. Izowuni yexesha ezifunekayo zikhutshelwa kwi / etc / localtime. Ukusebenzisa lo myalelo: # CP / usr / share / zoneinfo / GMT / etc / localtime.

download kwaye uqokelele i kernel enokwenziwa emva kwexesha setting zone. Faka umyalelo: # ivele gentoo-imithombo. Ngoku ke nyathelo nzima - zokuqwalasela kernel ukuze yokuba inkxaso iphakheji esifuna. Ukuba kernel ufakwe ngendlela eyiyo, umsebenzi ofunekayo ukuze ayifumaneki.

run:

• cd / usr / src / Linux;
• ukwenza menuconfig.

Ngoko ke singene kernel uqwalaselo. Khetha yonke abanqwenelayo ukulayisha inkqubo abaqhubi. Kufuneka ujonge ukuba bonke elakhelwe kernel, kungenjalo inkqubo ayiqalanga banal. Musa ukulibala ukuba ibandakanye inkxaso yefayile yakho. Khetha kunokwenzeka zonke abaqhubi eziyimfuneko inethiwekhi ziquka wireless LAN, kwakunye uhlobo iprosesa kunye nosapho.

Ngoku, ukuba ukuqalisa ukuqulunqa ukungena: ukwenza && wenze modules_install. Le nkqubo iya kuthabatha ixesha elithile. Emva koko faka: ukwenza -j2 && wenze modules_install. umfanekiso kernel zikhutshelwa kwi kulawulo / boot.

kwiimodyuli ezingundoqo setting - yokugqibela. Ukuze ufumane yonke iminqongo ekhoyo, ukusebenzisa umyalelo zilandelayo: fumana / lib / iimodyuli / (uguqulelo kernel) / -type f -iname '* .o' kokuba uzibaxe izinto -iname '* .ko'. Yongeza uluhlu ukuze /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 ezo iifolda ikotshelwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kweli nqanaba ufakelo Gentoo lugqityiwe. Nawe ungaqala ukusebenzisa OS.

Ufakelo KDE Gentoo Tips

Ngexesha ufakelo, kuya kubakho iingxaki apho. Xa ngenye indlela, nje ngeke. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge iqonga Gentoo ngenxa zokusombulula iingxaki zabo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, landela imiyalelo.

iimpikiswano badla kuvela malunga uzifake njani Gentoo on UEFI. Kubalulekile ukuba hlulo Enterprise yadalwa. Kufuneka inkqubo enye ifayile FAT. Le UEFI iinkcukacha kwathiwa UEFI-firmware isebenza kunye FAT12, 16 no-32, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise FAT32 kwindlela yefayile.

Kwakhona kwi-zetar yogcino angabi kunye nanini na iqela lomsebenzisi. Xa usebenzisa schroot kwinkqubo host kufuneka udale ngesandla. Kulo mzekelo, iifayile kwi weefayili / gentoo / njl njl, kwaye igama lakho liya kuba ngaphezulu (ungahlela ngqo).