Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: a emfutshane inkcazelo, photo, imbali, idilesi, iiyure lokuvula

Kwezi izinto ezininzi Turkey, mhlawumbi ithandwa kakhulu kwaye uninzi batyelela i Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Bendawo bakubiza Aya Sofia. Siyaziqhenya ukubonisa esi sakhiwo enhle zonke iindwendwe abatyelela lizwe. Oku akukho ngozi. Hagia uSophia e Istanbul, ogama photo ehonjiswe kuzo zonke ncwadana-arhente ezinika - isakhiwo esihle kunye ubutyebi bembali, izakhiwo ezizodwa kunye nesakhiwo zala mazwe.

Esi sakhiwo wonqulo ubungqina iziganeko ezininzi zembali baseConstantinople yamandulo (langoku Istanbul), imbali yawo lizele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo yaye ngokufuthi ezibuhlungu - neenyikima, nangokutshabalalisa, imililo neemfazwe. Kunjalo Cathedral wazingisa kwaye namhlanje bakhuthaza ngobukhulu bawo nje kuphela balapho, kodwa iindwendwe ezininzi esixekweni.

Hagia Nozipho e Istanbul: kwimbali yendalo

Abaninzi ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1000 esi sakhiwo yaba ibandla inkulu ehlabathini Orthodox. Isakhiwo yokuqala kwisiza Cathedral langoku beza 360, ngexesha lolawulo Constantine. Sibe basil encinane yambathiswa uphahla somthi yaye ngokumila ahambelanayo.

Kulo nyaka-404, kwisakhiwo watshisa ngexesha yombhodamo yoluntu. UTheodosius II wayalela ukuba ngokutsha ngo-415. Kwindlu yonqulo ezintsha neefeleni ezintlanu, kwaye kananjalo waba uphahla ngamaplanga. Kulo nyaka 532, emva kwimvukelo ezithandwayo (uphakamo uNick), ngexesha loMlawuli Justinian yatshatyalaliswa yaye isakhiwo.

Malunga lowo owakha iicawa yangaphambili, iye yagcinwa ngedatha ethembekileyo. Ke amagama wabaseki izakhiwo ngoku aziwa kakuhle. It Anzemios ne Isidoros. Hagia uSophia eConstantinople (Istanbul) okwamiswa Bulelani Justinian efanayo. Le sesakhiwo lwesakhiwo esitsha yayahluke kakhulu ukusuka Kuze pre-ezikhoyo.

Itempile yokuqala

Cathedral icawa sabekwa kunyaka 532, yaye kwiminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamva (ngowama-537) wadlula inkonzo yokuqala phantsi neengqameko zalo. Emva kwe Hagia Sophia yaba kwindawo asisigxina ibekwa ye ookumkani uBukhosi baseRoma. NgoJulayi 1054 ezindongeni le tempile ngummeli we Leo IX (Pope) - Cardinal Humbert kunye uBhishophu Mihail Kirulary ecaweni enye icawa (anathematized). Esi siganeko ukuba kwahlukahlukana kwi zamaKatolika Orthodox.

Ulwakhiwo mosque

Kwixesha eliphakathi kweminyaka 1204 no 1261, Istanbul waxineka yi-Crusaders. Ngeli xesha, nesixeko ngokwaso, kunye nebandla sonakaliswa ngamandla. Ekubeni oyisa eConstantinople ngowe-1453, Sultan Mehmed waqalisa ukuseka umyalelo Islamic. Ukwakhiwa Cathedral ndawonye kakuhle, nezibonda ezongezelelweyo izibonda kwamanye amalwimi ezifakiweyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho ezweni Aya Sofia Mosque. Ebudeni bolawulo Sultan Mehmed le madrasah kwakhiwa - isikolo Muslim, olwaqhubeka kwaze ngenkulungwane XVII.

museum indalo

Kwinkulungwane XIX (1847-1849 gg.) Ngokutsha Okulandelayo kwenzeka Cathedral. Abazalwana Fossati, ngelo xesha labazobi isuswe ethekwini, apho kanye wathandazela labalawuli. Kuye ise inxalenye esemntla etempileni zinendawo encinane, kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe ekhohlo mihrab. Ngowe-1935, i-Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) wabhengezwa indlu-museum ka Mustafa Ataturk.

Ukususela ngo-2006, emva kokuba kwafika intlaninge othembekileyo kurhulumente, ephethe izithethe Muslim yavunyelwa etempileni. mbali Church bathi ukuba i Hagia Sophia e Istanbul yayiyindawo apho makhumsha benganga Russian Vladimir leva khona ingcamango inkolo Orthodox. Izanyazanyiswa ubuhle nkonzo wenza apha, zacebisa inkosana ukuguqula kubuKristu Holy Rus.

Kubonakala ngathi le Hagia Sophia e Istanbul?

Itempile ebalaseleyo yindlela amile kukho Ikwadrilatherali lume. Yenza i kwezitulo amathathu, omnye (libya) - ngokubanzi, icala ezimbini - mpawu zingasentla. Kwindlu yonqulo uba sredokrestiem quadrangular, nto leyo ebekwa yi nkundla. The Dome enkulu yenkqubo itempile wobugcisa izakhiwo zonqulo ngexesha layo.

Ngokutsho Turkish abaphandi amandla iindonga Cathedral kwenziwa ngokudibanisa nesisombululo (isakhiwo) kunencindi eyomileyo amagqabi nothuthu. esisemgceni iziko Wide, square esisekweni, inomda ezimbombeni ngeentsika zone, ezo sizibeke neengqameko ezinkulu kwaye legqunyiwe amajukujuku tyaba (31 m). phezulu wayo kwiimitha 51 ngaphezulu komgangatho ophantsi. Dome ziquka nakwiingqameko zalo ziqu. Inxalenye yayo esezantsi, ibekwe izithuba mezharochnyh Wayixakaxa window enhle 40. Oku kwenza imvakalelo ummandla ukukhanya omkhulu, sise ezantsi kwawo.

Nokuba yi imilinganiselo wokwakha abasebenzi zokwakha yale mihla sele ubungakanani omhle kakhulu mitha -75h68. Uninzi izisombululo zokwakha kunye zobugcisa ezazisetyenziswa kuqala xa wakha Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), kamva ezisetyenziswa bokwakha zonqulo ehlabathini lonke.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Hagia uSophia (Istanbul), inkcazelo emfutshane apho abakhenkethi kufumana kule ncwadana-arhente zohambo okanye izikhokelo mzi, kubangel 'umdla ngenxa yobukhulu balo lilodwa xa ungena ngaphakathi.

Zangaphakathi Temple entanjeni lwahlala iinkulungwane eziliqela. Waba ebesoloko zodidi. Iindonga sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo mosaic (njengoko ngezihombo kunye nokwenziwa subject). Isetyenziswa kulwakhiwo imibala ezahlukeneyo nezemarmore, ukuthatha imigangatho ezimbini obungwevu emnyama yokuqala, phantse omnyama. Kufuphi kwawo (kwi amacandelo phezulu) eludongeni ngokungathi baphose ngegolide.

Eyona iphambili yale wokwakha emangalisayo ludibaniso evumelanayo bamaSilamsi Orthodox iinkolo. Abane medallions ezinkulu kumagama script Arabic eshicilelweyo umprofeti uMuhammad, uThixo kunye neenkokheli kuqala. Phakathi medallions yi ngomfanekiso Orthodox kunye kobuso Virgin.

A udumo kakhulu kuzo zonke abakhenkethi abatyelela uvelisa kumgangatho wesibini zetempile. Ngenxa yoko Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) Kubonakala mkhulu ngakumbi. Apha ungabona ubuhle kwesi sakhiwo yamandulo. Kumgangatho wesibini ungabona amasango naziiperile odumileyo. Ngaxa lithile bahlukaniswa kwigumbi engundoqo yeBhunga rooms Imperial.

ebhanyabhanya

Zizeyeyona nto ezixabisekileyo umhombiso embindini etempileni ke ebhanyabhanya yamandulo. Iingcali ngokuqhelekileyo izigaba ezithathu umlando:

• IX c (ukuqala);
• ngekhulu IX-X;
• ekupheleni X kwekhulu.

Ngo-1935 siye saqalisa umsebenzi wokubuyisela ukubuyiselwa frescos ezindala Orthodox kunye ebhanyabhanya. Ababhali-mbali ingakumbi siqonde umfanekiso Lady Lwethu (kaMoses), nto leyo ukwakweli apse. Yenziwe kwi isiqalo yegolide. Izambatho Lady Lwethu imibala emnyama oluhlaza. Kuba le nto yindibanisela esikhulu segolide kunye obhulowu bumnyama ugxininisa umoya ubungangamsha baseByzantium.

Okumangalisayo ezigcinwe kakuhle apses kunye nesibingelelo, ecaleni apho ukwazi ukubona esililini wenkolo. Ngexesha unqulo waya apha irhuluneli, kunye nendawo kunye noonyana. Malunga esililini yafakwa ukuba abafazi yentsapho Sultan. Enye into ebalulekileyo yomhombiso elingaphakathi kufuneka ngokuba panels udonga olukhulu, ezo ziqhutywa isithethe ezaziwa kaligrafi Ottoman.

Ngelishwa, namhlanje walondoloza amibala abantu abaninzi kakhulu. Kolunye kuzo ichaza Virgin uMariya kuMlawuli John II. Ngelo xesha, irhuluneli sele zabelwe imali enkulu ukwakha itempile.

Yintoni ufune?

Beka ibekwa yemveli le abalawuli yaseByzantium - omfalion. It is a ibhastile circumferentially elahliweyo kwi emgangathweni yecawa.

column elila isale ngobhedu. Kuyo kwi kwindawo ephantsi (kwinqanaba akhule) imbobo encinane. Njengoko ilivo wamandulo, ukuba emngxunyeni ukuze ubeke umnwe wakho uze wenze umnqweno ngeli xesha, ngoko oko kuza kuba njalo ngaphandle nakanjani.

"Ibhokisi Cold" - yenye umtsalane itempile yamandulo. Kunika umdla ngomhla lishushu window ukuvuthela epholileyo, ahlaziyayo kamnandi.

Phakathi ezikhumbuzo Islamic mosque Hagia Sophia inqqalelo alondolozwe ngokupheleleyo mihrab nesibingelelo kwesinye apses zebandla. Ngaphezu koko, iquka kwiqonga ibhastile oqingqiweyo, leyo wadalwa kwinkulungwane XVI ebudeni bolawulo Sultan Murad III.

Abakhenkethi ngokuqinisekileyo uya ukubhena elukhukweni eyahlukileyo muezzin. Wajika eMecca - engcwabeni Ottoman umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग. umdla Enkulu uviwo kwesakhiwo lokuqala esikolweni, ithala leencwadi, ngasemthonjeni iziko kuba amahlwempu, owakha Sultan Mahmud I ngenkulungwane XVII.

hours

Ukuba uceba ukuya eTurkey, sicebisa ukuba qiniseka ukuba atyelele Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Idilesi yale lesikhumbuzo imangalisayo kwimbali kunye lwezakhiwo: Aya Sofya metres, Sultanahmet, Istanbul, Turkey .. Siqinisekile ukuba uya kwaneliswa utyelelo kwesi sakhiwo yinzwakazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindwendwe zawo yonke imihla elinde Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). ixesha zokusebenza kuyahlukana nedlela kancinci kwi lonyaka. Ehlotyeni (ukususela 15,04 at 01.10), myuziyam livulwa 9.00 ukuya 19,00, kwaye ebusika - ukususela 9.00 ukuya 17.00. ukuthengiswa kwamatikiti aphela ngo 18:00 ehlotyeni, yasebusika - ngo-16,00.

Iindleko abebetyelele imyuziyam ezingamashumi amathathu liras, kunye neendwendwe abasebatsha (abangaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi) yokungena mahala. Lira uyakwazi ukukhankanya arhente yezohambo phambi ngqo ukuhamba. Nabani na ofuna ukuba atyelele Cathedral ka Nozipho e Istanbul, kufuneka wazi ukuba ebudeni nyanga engcwele Ramadan, onke amaSilamsi yetempile ayisebenzi.

Indlela ukuya apho?

Ukuba uza kutyelela imyuziyam ngokwabo (hayi njengenxalenye yeqela abakhenkethi), ngoko ufanele wazi indlela apho. Yenza kube bekulula, ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Kuza kufuneka ibhasi (indlela T4) okanye umzila ukukhanya (TR1). Yeka ukuba ufuna ubizwa ngokuba "Sultanahmet".

Ngubani na ukuthatha sikaloliwe (Havalimani-Aksaray) ukusuka Ataturk-moya ukuya Zeytinburnu kwisikhululo. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba batshintshele TR1 esiporweni, nto leyo ethatha ukuba indawo. Ukuba uhlala kwisithili Sisli, unako ukuhamba kamasipala ukuya kwisitishi Taksim.