FreeBSD 10: yokufaka uqwalaselo

Xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo UNIX-based, asingekhe silibale malunga free FreeBSD projekthi. inkqubo enamandla kwaye ithembekile, leyo, ngelishwa, inzima kakhulu ukuze amise kwaye udale ezininzi iingxaki kwabo nangoku likwaqhuba umngcipheko isethi yayo. Le nto ziqokelelwe isishwankathelo le nkqubo. nawe Apha uza kufumana izilumkiso, uchaza indlela ukufaka FreeBSD 10, kwakunye components ezithandwayo ezifunekayo loqwalaselo esisiseko kunye nokusebenza kunye nosasazo.

Yintoni FreeBSD?

FreeBSD 10 - yokusebenza inkqubo simahla, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngabafundi abavela Berklee ngo-1993. FreeBSD i epheleleyo yokusebenza kwenkqubo kunye kernel, iseti abaqhubi kwaye ixhasa onke amaqonga ezithandwayo, kuquka ingalo PowerPC. Le nkqubo sizibonakalisa uzinzo omkhulu kwaye ithe yamilisela ngokwalo njengoko isisombululo elifanelekileyo kufakwa abancedisi sayo.

FreeBSD ulandela ingcamango minimalism, ngoko ke inkqubo akakwazi ukufumana kujongano lomzobo kanye auto-Umfaki. Lokufaka kunye nokuqwalasela FreeBSD 10 kuya kuthatha ixesha kwaye uya kufuna ezinye isakhono. Noko ke, uthethe ngawo ngokubhekele phaya.

oyi

Akukho matshini. Lonke ufakelo nkqubo kunye nolawulo inkqubo ikwindlela yokuchola manual. Nkqu iiphakheji ufakelo FreeBSD 10 - isidlo ngokwenene. Standard PKG eluncedo awukwazi umkhondo izixhomekeki, ngoko nkqu ukuba ufake impahla kuyimfuneko, kodwa inkqubo alafunyanwa iphakheji kwayo, nje ngeke ukuqala. Sokuxhomekeka ulwazi kwinkqubo ngokwayo awugcinwanga, yaye ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba sikhwele phezu Internet kwaye ngocwangco ukuphinda-phonononga inani kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, njengokuba nkqu ncwadana esemthethweni lee epheleleyo.

Kufuneka kwakhona Makusoloko kukhunjulwa ukuba lenkqubo yofako ukuze zilibaziseke. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi kwiimeko xa idiski okanye "flash drive" kukho kuphela indlela yokusebenza isiseko, kunye nezinye macandelo alahlwa evela FreeBSD wogcino, isantya leyo mnandi kakhulu umxhelo.

Ilungiselela Faka

Ngoko ke, kweli candelo siqwalasela eziliqela iingongoma ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi kokuba enze ukufakelwa FreeBSD 10.

• GUI akayi, ngoko zilungiselele oko kuya kufuneka ufunde ukusebenzisa indlela yesiphelo ukufunda imiyalelo ukulawula inkqubo (kwaye kukho kakhulu eninzi) kunye eninzi ukuchwetheza (ewe, akukho "ikopi-uncamathisele" ayikho).
• Khumbula ukuba ukufakelwa kwenkqubo iza kufuna ixesha elininzi kunye luvo. Kuba yonke into ukuthatha iiyure ezingaphezu-4 kunye neendebe icuba / ikofu ezilishumi. Zilungiselele kwaye kungcono kandziyisa ukucikideka ngaphantsi ngosuku.
• Ukuba sithetha malunga nenkqubo original kukuba ukufaka FreeBSD kufuneka ufumane inkqubo DVD-ndlela (ingafunyanwa kwi website esemthethweni).
• Ukuze ufake FreeBSD nge-10 "nca" Kufuneka isixhobo uniboot kunye computer umsebenzi iza kushicilela.
• Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ufakelo kungcono ukukhetha "kumatshini" ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo ukugcina inkcazelo ebalulekileyo, kwaye musa sikhumbule ukuba "abulawe". Njengoko umthetho, wasebenzisa ikhompyutha endala, sihlala ndawo phezu ibhalkhoni.
• Kwakhona kubalulekile kwangaphambili ukulungiselela ngokwam enye ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi (kwifowuni yakho okanye kwenye ikhompyutha). Ngaphandle uqeqesho kunye noncedo abantu abanolwazi ayikwazi ukukwenza.

Ukufakelwa kunye uqwalaselo yenkqubo

Lungisa i "ikhadi flash" okanye disc kunye nomfanekiso le nkqubo, kufuneka ufake BIOS ukucela lokuqala kwimidiya yangaphandle. Emva koko, inkqubo yokufaka iqala.

• Into yokuqala umsebenzisi ubona - Welcome screen ezintathu kukho kulayishwa. Kufuneka ukhethe Faka.
• Kwi window elilandelayo uza kuyalelwa ukuba ukhethe sitshixo sebhodi. I andiswele nto; ngokuba okungagqibekanga IsiNgesi, kwaye kufuneka oko kuyo.
• Okulandelayo, kufuneka ukhankanye igama lomncedisi (ungakhetha nawuphi na ukhetho lwakho).
• Kwi window elilandelayo, nomfakeli umele ukhethe amacandelo enkqubo ekufuneka ifakwe kunye kernel kunye nenkqubo nesiseko. Ungakhetha ufakelo encinci ukhuphele izinto eziyimfuneko kamva, kodwa kungcono kunjalo Pre-ufake amacandelo kunye namazibuko src, kuba zifuneka kanye in inkqubela.
• Inyathelo elilandelayo iya ngokumisa womnatha wakho. Kufuneka ufake iinkcukacha enikiweyo ngumboneleli. Kwimeko DHCP ngokwaneleyo baya kuvumelana kuphela ukuba amkele oku izicwangciso protocol.
• Inkqubo unzima - uchake diski lezabelo. Ukuba izicwangciso musa ukufaka ngaxeshanye kunye nenye inkqubo, kungcono ukukhetha Ukucalucalulwa oluzenzekelayo yonke disk. Le Umfaki iza kubonisa yi amacandelo imemori uze ucele ukuqalisa ufakelo.
• Ekupheleni lenkqubo yofako FreeBSD uza kuyalelwa ukuba ukudala umsebenzisi ingcambu-10 uze ucele kuye lokugqitha.
• Inqanaba lokugqibela ukuqwalasela izowuni yexesha. Akukho ngxaki, kufuneka nje ukuba ubuze nayo nayiphi na wotshi lokuposa.

Ifakela KDE phantsi FreeBSD 10

Emva kokuba isiseko kwindlela yokusebenza, abasebenzisi abaninzi basebenzisa FreeBSD njenge inkqubo yokusebenza ekhaya, futhi ufake GUI. Isikakhulu ukhetho iwela kwi KDE. Nangona isibakala sokuba kukho uluvo lokuba ufaka KDE on FreeBSD 10 - kunzima ukumelana nalo msebenzi kungaba.

Okokuqala kufuneka alungiselele ledatha yaye ukulayisha inani lwempahla:

• iseva ngemizobo ifakwe pkg ukufaka iqela xorg.
• Abaqhubi ukuba zombini yemizobo umyalelo efakiweyo pkg ukufaka nvidia-umqhubi.
• Iqokobhe ngokwayo ingafakwa pkg ukufaka iqela kde.
• I-Oxygen injini indlela yemizobo, kuyimfuneko ukuba iqokobhe iseti umyalelo pkg ukufaka gtk-oksijini-injini.
• Ifayile yoqwalaselo ifakiwe umyalelo kde-gtk-config.

Ngokumalunga ufakelo yeqokobhe ngokwayo, oko kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ukusuka web ngokusebenzisa pkg_add umyalelo -R kde okanye ukusuka amazibuko ngokuya weefayili cd / usr / amazibuko / X11 / kde3 kunye ezisebenza yenza ufako umyalelo ecocekileyo.

Emva koko kufuneka ukhethe i desktop entsha njengoko engagqibekanga desktop. Ukuze wenze oku, uhlela ifayile .xinitrc. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umyalelo echo «exec startkde»> ~ / .xinitrc.

Ngoku umsebenzi ube lula ukuqala usebenzisa startx umyalelo.

Ukufakela MC kwi FreeBSD 10

MC - segama Umyaleli Wasezinzulwini zobusuku. Kuyinto sisixhobo ekhethekileyo yokulawula iifayile.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukucwangcisa i MC kufuneka:

• Yiya ku lawulo kumazibuko cd / usr / amazibuko / Yenza / mc umyalelo.
• config. Baleka ekhethiweyo uqwalaselo kwenza config.
• Faka Ndiludadisa client ukufaka umyalelo ecocekileyo.
• Ukuba ufakelo ilungile, ngoko ke umxhasi esebenzisekayo umyalelo mc.

Zonke izixhomekeki (iifayile eziyimfuneko nezinto eziluncedo) ziya downloaded ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwi Internet (kunye uqhagamshelo lwebhendi ebanzi kwi Internet).