Enjani ugqirha - a geriatrician? Geriatrics - nokuthintela kunye nokunyanga izifo ngenxa yokwaluphala

Malunga neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, izazinzulu waqalisa ukufunda ngokubonakalayo inkqubo ukwaluphala. Eqonda ukuba shintsho zendalo yaye ubhetyebhetye, ekuqaleni babelwa inzululwazi elahlukileyo ngokwaluphala njenge utyekelo jikelele. apho ke sasikwanti iyunithi yezonyango azinikele izifo zokwaluphala. Loluphi uhlobo ugqirha geriatrician, bambalwa uyazi. Nangona kunjalo, inani labantu abahlala ukuya ebudaleni, kuba yonke imihla ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukufaneleka kwabo ngoqeqesho lweengcali ezinjalo liyenyuka.

Onjani ngugqirha geriatrician?

Ugqirha ojongana ekuthinteleni izifo, unyango kwabo kwimo izigulane ze ukwaluphala, na geriatrician eyaziwa. Ophatha abe onjalo? Uluhlu kwezifo kumba kakhulu. Geriatrician lizama ukwakha amanyathelo othintelo nezinyangayo ukuguga lomguli ukwenzela ukwandisa i esebenzayo, yokuphila ezimeleyo. ubudala A bomntu isivakalisi, kodwa ke oko ukufumanisa ukuthambekela isifo esithile. Geriatrics ujongene neengxaki abadala (60-74) kunye nabadala (75-90). Izigulane kweli phakade, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• umahluko yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba phakathi umzimba usempilweni.

• Umahluko for izifo eziqhelekileyo.

• Izifo abadala.

iimpawu yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba abalupheleyo

Xa umzimba kukho umntu owalupheleyo kwenzeka iinkqubo zangaphakathi apho baziqwebele utshintsho morphological kunye nokomzimba. Bona ebonakala:

• indlela ezahlukileyo kwexesha. Involution le gonads amabhinqa ukuze yenzeke kule minyaka 50-55-60. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umsebenzi yebhinqa usenokungaguquki ubomi.

• Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukwaluphala lungabonakaliswa shiyana.

• Izinga ngokwaluphala kwizigqeba kunye neenkqubo nazo iyahluka. Utshintsho kwi amathambo nangona kukho kusasa, lisanda kade. Ukungaqheleki kule luvo ukuze kuvela kamva, inkqubela ngokukhawuleza.

• Iinkqubo ibakho ancedisana ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka ulwalathiso (yokwakha-intshabalalo). Oku kubonisa kuhlengahlengiswa utshintsho emzimbeni, ukulawula, kunokuba sokuzuza elula.

Iziphumo Inkqubo ukuguga e morphological, zesakhiwo, ukuphazamiseka ezisebenzayo. Zibonisa ukuba ukwakheka komzimba yobudala. Ngethuba ukuguga utshintsho imbonakalo ratio, amalungu esebenza, ubungakanani kunye nendawo ababekwa. Umzekelo, ubunzima ingqondo, imilinganiso yalo kunye nomthamo uncipha 20-25%. Zemali utshintsho ezikhokelela ukufa kweeseli, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ubunzima babo emzimbeni kunciphisa.

Anatomy iphawulwa nokuhla ubungakanani amalungu kunye buthathaka nemisipha, kukho ptosis. Ukungafakwa ingaba engalinganiyo kwaye kungakhokelela ekubeni kuphazamisa ukusebenza. A kungabangela izifo kakhulu.

Indlela abagulayo abadala

Iminyaka ubungqina babantu kuphela ekwinqanaba ethile ekuhlaleni, kodwa malunga awohluke ze nokungena izifo eziqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-20, yaye 76. Hi xikombiso, iphika, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla wentsholongwane egazini, lwegazi. Iimpawu ingenzeka sifo abadala zezi:

• Nedlac for. iindlela eziphango wokhuselo olubangela sesichengeni enkulu isigulane abakhulileyo. kubanda Common kunokukhokelela pneumonia amabini, kunye abrasions ezingephi - ekuboleni. Ngoko ke, unyango kufuneka kusoloko kwanele.

• Effacement of the picture lwezonyango. Xa kuthe kwephulwa ebonakalayo impendulo omzimba ayanelanga kwaye ikhokelela izikhalazo kumahlwempu. inyumoniya mazwe bangakwazi ukuqhubeka kunye lobushushu emzimbeni 37,1.

• Xa umzimba kukho ukunyhashwa ngakwicala amalungu kunye neenkqubo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, exacerbation kuzo izifo yonyango kwinkqubo ukuze abonise iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo.

• imbonakalo kwangoko izikhalazo. Zembuyekezo kunokwenzeka ukuba phantsi kakhulu, kwaye ke ngoko, naxa imiqondiso yokuqala izikhalazo sifo kunokuba ebonakalayo.

Izifo abadala

Kuba yonke iminyaka kukho izifo ezithile, ezithile. Apho baba kubantu abalupheleyo. Sengqondo esixhalabisayo, yamafutha, ngumchamo wokuchama - uluhlu eqhubekile. Uninzi izifo ezinxulumene yokwaluphala, kwaye kungenzeka ngaphambili. Kodwa ngo-90% amatyala, baya kuzibonakalisa emva 60.

Ophatha geriatrician

unyango ungekho ngoku ufumana evela kugqirha ngamnye ukuba izigulane ze-senior qela lobudala. zeetheraphisti zabo ngayo. Ezinye izikolo zonyango sele ulungiselela neengcali ezifana ukusebenza ezikliniki, ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba kweli phondo oya kuba nako buqu ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na geriatrician ngugqirha. Yena uyaqonda ukuba oko kwenzeka esi sifo izigulane abadala, kodwa ukwazi malunga iimpawu kwazo, isifo kwaye afumane unyango kweli qela lobudala. Ukuhlaziya izikhalazo kunye nokufunyenweyo elebhu kunye neendlela zomculo, oko kwenza uxilongo. Emva bethelekisa isiphumo unyango kunokwenzeka kwi comorbidities asikhethileyo irejimeni eliphezulu nezinyangayo. Geriatrics unokuba ekuthatheni izifundo njengeziphambili zentliziyo zamaxhego, hormone, yeenkqubo zengqondo, njalo-njalo. D.

Izifo nemithambo yegazi

Inkoliso yabantu abadala kufuneka ngezifo le olujikeleza. Kwemithambo yegazi, hypertension zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, arrhythmia, ukusilela intliziyo - zonke ezi zifo ephatha geriatrician nobudala babo.

izifo lwezempilo

Kuyinto eli qela kwezifo kakhulu ukulawula isakhono izigulane abadala lokuzimela-nkonzo. unyango kwindawo lwabo lwenkobe nayo kuphela. isifo Parkinson kaThixo,-Alzheimer, stroke, sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi ziya kuba phatha geriatrics.

zokugula ngengqondo

Ukudakumba kunye nokukhathazeka - kaninzi ikhapha iqela ubudala nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba izigulane zabo ukunciphisa ukuncokola, ivaliwe, enqatyiswe angabikho ebomini asebenzayo. Oku nje umlinganiswa othile, oko kufuna unyango olwaneleyo ngezifo.

Pathways ezidalwe ukuphazamiseka

Ukuphazamiseka kwamadlala ezidalwe kwehlisa kakhulu ukusebenza namanye amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Diabetes sinwenwa ikhokelela polyneuropathy. Uphuhliso ngakumbi iingxaki kuba nezilonda trophic, namandla, umbono sehla, uphuhliso uhlobo yalula ka iposi engabalulekanga. Thyrotoxicosis kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka izinga kwentliziyo.

Izifo yenkqubo genitourinary

Namandla, prostate adenoma, enuresis, ezi mpawu eziqhelekileyo wokwaluphala. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuvuselelwa ptosis sezintso elibhaqiweyo okanye bacteriuria ngaphandle naziphi na iimpawu zesifo (ubushushu, indices sezintso ukushifta pat) musa kufuna unyango ngamachiza. Kulo mzekelo, ibonakalisa kuphela ubudala yesigulane.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo musculoskeletal

A umqobo enkulu iintshukumo abantu abadala na ukunyhashwa ezininzi kwinkqubo musculoskeletal. utshintsho kwamathambo IOsteoporosis. luthambe Ukuncipha we disc intervertebral, nto leyo ukutshintsha indawo yabo.

Izifo iphecana zesisu

Ngenxa kunciphiso umsebenzi amadlala yokucola ukutya motility waphawula ukuqhina isisu, hemorrhoids, ehlola ezimpundu.

Ukongeza, ukonakala umbono, ukuva, nezihlwabisayo ezibabeka yokuncipha kwenani lithathelwe ekuhlaleni izigulane ezinjalo. Xa abantu ebudaleni ukungena, kunye nezifo ezinganyangekiyo malunga 4. Inani labo kabini kwenye iminyaka eli-10.

Kutheni kufuneka uqhagamshelane Geriatrics

Xa nezikhalazo zezigulane abadala ozama ziphilise. Emva kwexesha elide emva kokuba ukusilela efumene ezahlukeneyo iindlela baphethukela therapist yasekuhlaleni. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izigulane zifumana irejimeni eqhelekileyo unyango apho, ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo ubuchule ucoco ezintso kunye nezinye utshintsho ezinxulumene-ubudala. It is a ingcali oye wafunda ingakumbi amalungu abadala kunye abasabela amayeza, kunokunceda kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Noko ke, emangalisiwe koko uhlobo ngugqirha geriatrician, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kuphela ephatha. Incutshe efanayo kufuneka isicelo kwangaphambili ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso ngamnye zokugcina ubomi esebenzayo. Iza kubandakanya iingcebiso umthambo, idayethi eyahlukahlukeneyo. Ingcebiso for onyango ngokuhambelana ubudala isigulana siya kunikwa xa kuthe yokugula. Ibonisa olunzulu ulwazi unobangela ingxelo entle kwi geriatrics.

Ngoku kukho malunga nama-700 ezigidi yobudala abadala saka. Iminyaka yobudala avareji yabantu behlabathi kuthechu ukwanda. Le meko yenza kube lula ukuqikelela ukunyuka kwemfuneko kukhathalelo zamaxhego kwixa elizayo.