Distance imitha phezu komhlaba. Iindlela ukulinganisa umgama

Distance womlinganiselo - omnye imisebenzi esisiseko geodesy. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukulinganisa umgama kwakunye inani elikhulu zezixhobo eyenzelwe ukwenza le misebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, siye sihlolisise lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Umgama Direct indlela womlinganiselo

Ukuba kufuneka ukuba ukujonga umgama ukuya into kumgca othe ngqo kwaye ndawo iyafumaneka isifundo, usebenzisa isixhobo elula yokulinganisa umgama nje tape ngentsimbi. ubude bayo - ukusuka ngeemitha ezilishumi ukuya amabini. Kodwa inokusetyenziswa intambo okanye ucingo, elinemibala emhlophe kunye ezimbini ezilishumi neemitha ebomvu. Xa kufuneka benze umlinganiso izinto wegophe kusetyenziswa ezindala kunye ezaziwayo-kakuhle imitha-ezimbini Izahluli yeplanga (ziifatom) okanye, njengoko balibiza, "Kovylek". Maxa wambi kuyimfuneko ukwenza imilinganiselo preliminary ukuchana luqikelelo. Ikwenza oku ngokulinganisa amanyathelo kumgama (amanyathelo ezimbini yokubala yokulinganisa elilinganayo nokukhula thabatha 10 okanye 20 cm).

Umlinganiselo umgama emhlabeni ukude

Kwimeko ekufumaneni somlinganiselo into kumnombo kwamehlo, kodwa phambi imiqobo gqithi, iyenza ukufikelela nzima ngqo kwi into (umz amachibi, imilambo, umgxobhozo, ezingxingweni, njl) kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo Umgama indlela ezibonwayo ekude, ingakumbi iindlela, kuba akukho kukho iintlobo ezininzi:

1. imilinganiselo High-ngqo.
2. imilinganiselo Low yangoku okanye uqikelelo.

Owayesakuba ziquka yomlinganiselo ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nale enombala uluhlu, telemeter magnetic okanye ngekhompyutha, ukukhanya okanye laser nale umqolo, nale uluhlu cuke. Uhlobo lwesibini luquka yokulinganisa indlela ezifana wew olubonakalayo. Apha kunye nokuzimisela umgama ukusuka ubungakanani emboxo izinto, kunye nolwakhiwo oonxantathu alinganayo-engile egqithe, kunye nendlela serifs ngqo nangezinye iindlela ezininzi yemigca. Khawuqwalasele ezinye iindlela ophezulu-nocoselelo kunye nemilinganiselo luqikelelo.

Imitha Umgama optical

imilinganiselo enjalo imigama ukuya millimitha ekufutshane uqheliso oluqhelekileyo zifuneka kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Ngapha koko, akukho abatyeleli, akukho ubukrelekrele yasemkhosini akayi kuthwala izinto jikelele kwaye inzima. Ikakhulu zisetyenziswa ngexesha ukuhlola ngobuchule kunye nomsebenzi wokwakha. Asetyenziswa rhoqo nge sixhobo yokulinganisa umgama njengento rangefinder optical. Kunokuba zombini rhoqo kunye neguquguqukayo engile parallax yaye imele umlomo ukuya theodolite oluqhelekileyo.

Imilinganiselo zenziwe ezithe nkqo tye intonga lokulinganisa ukuba inqanaba okhethekileyo setup. Ukuchaneka imilinganiselo efana rangefinder sezingeni eliphezulu kwaye zolahlekiso ukufikelela ixabiso lika-1: 2000. nesilinganiso Range omncinane yaye kuthetha ukuba neemitha kuphela 20 ukuya ku 200-300.

rangefinder magnetic kanye laser

Imitha Umgama magnetic bobabo babizwa ngokuba izixhobo uhlobo angxamele, ukuchana isikali kuqwalaselwa kwaye impazamo avareji sinokuba phakathi kwe-1.2 no-2 eemitha. Kodwa ezi zixhobo unokuzuza enkulu phezu oogxa babo enombala, njengoko efanelekileyo yokuqingqa umgama phakathi izinto ezihambayo. iiyunithi umgama ukuze kubalwa njengoko mitha kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha, ngoko ngokufuthi ezithi zisetyenziswe ekwenzeni zasemoyeni.

Yona i-laser rangefinder, oko yenzelwe ukulinganisa imigama azikho zinkulu kakhulu, iye ukuchaneka eliphezulu kwaye Ngokomzi kakhulu. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi ephathekayo mihla tape laser yokulinganisa. Ezi zixhobo balinganise umgama izinto kumgama oziimitha 20-30 kwaye ukuya ku 200 mitha, kunye lexesha hayi ngaphezulu kwe 2-2.5 mm ubude.

cuke Distance Measurer

Le enye yamacebo kakhulu ilula kwaye isebenziseka lula. Kulula kwaye kulula kusebenza yaye libhekisela kwisixhobo ezinokukwazi ukubala uququzelelo emboxo le ndawo nendawo anikwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwi kulo mmandla. Kunjalo, ngaphandle iingenelo ezicacileyo anako bendlela. Okokuqala, ngenxa uluhlu encinane leeyunithi yokulinganisa Umgama kule izixhobo kufuneka ubalwe kuphela intshi kunye neemitha - kwaye ukusukela 0.3 ukuya ku-20 eemitha. Kwakhona, ukuchaneka womlinganiselo lisenokuthi litshintshwe kancinane, ekubeni isantya transmission audio kuxhomekeke lexinene eliphakathi, njengoko yaziwa, ngeke kube njalo. Noko ke, le fowuni ugqibelele ukuba imilinganiselo fast esincinane musa ukuba uvakalelo oluphezulu.

iindlela Geometric ibanga yi amehlo

kujongwana ngasentla ngendlela yobungcali sokulinganisela imigama. Noko ukwenza, xa kungekho imitha umgama ethile ngesandla? Apha oza uncedo geometry. Umzekelo, ukulinganisa ububanzi njengomqobo yamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha oonxantathu yayo yebhanki amabini alinganayo ekunene, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo.

Kulo mzekelo, i AF umlambo ububanzi ilingana engile DE-BF unako ukulungelelanisa ikhampasi, amaphepha square lwephepha nkqu kunye namasebe afanayo bawela. Apha, iingxaki kuvela.

Kunjalo kusenokwenzeka ukuba balinganise umgama ukuya ekujoliswe nge xihinga, usebenzisa le ndlela yokubala kwakhona serifs ngqo ngolwakhiwo unxantathu ekunene enekona kwi thagethi ngokwahlula ibe macala mabini. Kukho indlela yokufumanisa kobubanzi njengomqobo usebenzisa litha elula ingca okanye intambo, okanye indlela ukunceda wawuxhoma ubhontsi ...

Iyafuna ingqalelo le ndlela ngokweenkcukacha, ekubeni le ilula. Kwelinye icala njengomqobo kukhethiwe into ebonakalayo (qiniseka ukuba ukwazi eyiyona ukuphakama kwayo), iliso omnye wavala kwaye umba okhethiweyo uyacengeka avuswe ingalo ubhontsi. Emva koko, ngaphandle kokususa umnwe wakho, ngeso elibukhali vula ukuvula ezivaliweyo. Finger uphendulela in ngokunxulumene into ekhethiweyo siyasuswa sibekwe ecaleni. Ngokusekelwe ukuphakama eliqikelelwayo sifundo, malunga bangaphi neemitha ingeniswe kwi ngomnwe iye yabangela abangaboniyo. Eli banga liphindaphindwe ezilishumi, yaye isiphumo ububanzi elisondeleyo njengomqobo. Kulo mzekelo, le ndoda ngokwayo iyavela imitha ibanga stereophotogramrnetrical.

umlinganiselo iindlela ezininzi Geometric mgama. Yintoni na onokumxelela ngayo iinkcukacha nganye, kuya kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Kodwa bonke ayalingana kwaye zifanelekile kuphela iimeko apho yemilinganiselo ngqo kunye nezixhobo akunakwenzeka.