Diesel Marine kunye nokulungiswa kwazo. Inkqubo zidliwe injini diesel zaselwandle

iinjini diesel Marine iba umthombo wamandla ebagcine kule nqanawa. Njengokujikeleza crankshaft luyasuka yokudlulisa eyenziwa yeyunithi iiseyile, injini umsele ezihlangeneyo kunye vane bendiza, enika indlela wenqanawa. I elikhulu umkhombe, ukuba ahambele phambili kokukhona kufuneka ibe inkqubo yalo yamandla, ekufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko isitya elwandle. Kwimeko ukwala injini eziphambili ivuliwe ukhuphelo xa isikhongozeli stop elikhulu okanye mnogopalubnogo impahla yenqanawa embindini wolwandle kwiimeko uqhwithela elilingana intshabalalo yayo.

ngesidlo lokuqala

iinjini diesel Marine lwaqala ekuqaleni HHveka kwaye ibhengeze nangoko ngokwabo ezithembeke, kakuhle yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iiyunithi compact. Inqanawa lokuqala kunye injini diesel yaba "Zealand" Danish, laphehlelelwa 1912. Motors ezimbini 200 L kwaye zixhonywe isitya. c., ngamnye leyo iqhutywa elijikelezayo. Inkangeleko isitya nge injini engaqhelekanga wadala yezigcawu waza waba isiqalo sexesha elitsha izityalo amandla diesel.

Uphuhliso izityalo igunya diesel kwezithuthi yaqalisa ngesantya ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba Second World War. Ithemba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi ukuqhutywa nabalulamileyo lwabonakala, kunye neenkampani zobunjineli amaninzi ehlabathini lonke abandakanyeke imveliso yazo. Njengoko kuqhele ukuba njalo, uphuhliso omkhulu kwimveliso woshishino naziphi iimveliso ebezifunwa kakhulu, baqala olu khuphiswano. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iprojekthi eyodwa, ngexesha apho iinjini zaselwandle enamandla superreliable zadalwa.

lungiselelo

Energy ufakelo diesel kwi isitya enkulu iquka injini enye engundoqo ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo eziliqela abasebenza impilo kwesi sikhephe. umbane kuyo, iimpompo, umoya, compressors kunye nezinye iindlela ezininzi.

In ingakumbi enkulu Imikhumbi ocean ingafakwa iinjini ezininzi ezingundoqo kunye nobuninzi abangabancedani. Zonke diesel. Baya bakhonza iqela ukukhanda, fitters kunye iinjineli uvavanyo.

ukuphinda Zijika

iinjini diesel Marine yahlulwe-stroke ezine nobetho-anababini. Umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini kubalulekile. Ezine isimiso ukusebenza kukuba ukuya umjikelo yokusebenza ezimbini ingeniso crankshaft okanye icala ezine. inyathelo Active kwenzeka kuphela ngethuba lomjikelo omnye iwotshi, abanye abathathu - wokulungiselela.

Single-stroke Umjikelo injini lwenziwa ngexesha revolution elinye. ngokuveza lo mxube amafutha kunye elandela umgaqo ucinezelo apha kwezinye. Xa lombhobho kukho ekuthiwa amazibuko ngokudla apho kwenzeka kubethwa ngenkani zegumbi yokutsha yaye akukho mfuneko kwi qeda ngokusebenzisa kwezivalo. Inani imijikelo lifinyele kanye kabini.

umahluko ezongezelelweyo

Kukho kwakhona isantya yokuhlela. iinjini elisezantsi Isantya-- up to revolutions 150 / umzuzu nesantya eliphakathi - 600 ISityhi / min. iinjini-High speed ngokuba iinqanawa ezinkulu enkulu kakhulu akukho ngenxa ingakumbi amanyathelo yabo, umthwalo omkhulu sverhprodolzhitelnoy ngexesha besebenza.

iinjini diesel Marine ukuba imikhumbi ezincinane

izikhephe ezincinane, izikhephe umlambo neenqanawa nezixhotyiswe eklasini, njengoko umthetho, omnye motor. Amandla injini diesel kunokuba ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke injongo umkhombe senzelwe. Nyane babe pick-up iinjini, kunye ukuhamba, excursion kunye babheke ekhwele isantya Iimoto eliphantsi. Izikhephe balihambahambe inkonzo yonxweme idla ngokuba iinjini ezimbini kakhulu ngephepha le-diesel, enye yazo inxaxheba isigxina kwaye eyesibini ivulwa xa kuyimfuneko.

iinjini diesel Marine ngokuba iinqanawa ezincinane ziyilelwe wofakelo. Ajongeka compact nefanelekileyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo. Iimoto injini ngokuqhelekileyo ipetroli, ekubeni ayakwazi yesiqalo ngokukhawuleza.

diesel ukuze injini zaselwandle

Kuba ukusebenza ezinzileyo zesityalo igunya inqanawa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa amafutha ezikumgangatho ophezulu (diesel). ukufaneleka kwayo kuxhomekeka kwezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

• octane;
• ukumelana detonation;
• inombolo cetane;
• kuqamba fraction;
• ukuphelela yokutsha, ngesidanga semenu, yokudla;
• viscosity nokuxinana, njengoko ngumba unikezelo eqhelekileyo i inkqubo;
• Iipropati asezantsi obushushu, nto leyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza;
• level ntumbuluko;
• flash ingongoma, ngokwembono ukhuseleko sesicelo;
• phambi iikhompawundi sulphur, izinyithi, kunye hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo ezifana mziba carbon Ukwakheka.

Fuel ngezigaba:

• International - fo, HFO, MGO, MDO, IFO 380, IFO 380LS;
• Togu Russian - A-62 SMT1, SMT2, F-5, DM, IAV 380;
• amaqhezu standard Russian - viscosity phantsi, viscosity eliphakathi, phezulu-viscosity, ukukhanya kunye inzima.

imigangatho esisiseko yamkelwa eRashiya, olawula umgangatho amafutha emoto ayekwi engines baselwandle:

• zasehlotyeni "A" - lisetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu ngentla zero degrees Celsius;
• nobusika "W" - lisetyenzisiwe lobushushu iqondo 20 thabatha;
• Arctic 'A' - lobushushu ku thabatha degrees 50 Celsius.
• fuel viscosity inqanawa ephantsi - eyenziwe TU 38,10;
• Brand DM - kwelona nqanaba liphezulu kakhulu iinjini inqanawa ephantsi-speed;
• oil amafutha ndlu F-5 - eziveliswa ngokutsho GOST 05/10/85; oil amafutha ndlu F-30, F-180, F-380 - yenziwa yi TU 0252-003-2905.

Inkqubo amafutha we diesel zaselwandle

Ukondla amafutha ibe amandla ufakelo emkhombeni ngokusebenzisa inkqubo amafutha ngaphakathi iinjini eziphambili ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo. Kunye nguwona msebenzi nkqubo kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba:

• ekulayisheni amafutha waya matanki aphantsi kunye nokugcinwa;
• fuel ukuhlanjululwa ubumdaka namanzi;
• xa kukho imfuneko - nemilomo okupholisa;
• ukwahlulwa amafutha.

Kwamafutha Izixhobo ukwamkelwa yesabelo kuthwalwa sinendawo of mbhobho leyo yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa kuwo omabini amacala. On ethwala ukuthathwa amafutha kwenzeka kwezinye kwimimandla ekwanti. amafutha wazivuma zigcinwe iitanki kunye namatanki topside ekwinqwelo ezihambelanayo. Zonke izikhongozeli baxhotyiswa iimpompo ngenxa zokumpompa, leyo phinda omnye komnye, ngomhla apho ukusilela womnye kubo. Phambi kokuba kukhululwe inqanawa kwi ngenqanawa ababekhwele okwenziwa ukwahlulwa amafutha kunye nokucoca, emva koko amafutha Impontshelwa kungena izinto etankini.

Izitampu iinjini marine

iiyunithi Energy Diesel ziveliswa bawo ukuba umkhondo uluhlu lwabo akwenzeki. abavelisi injini eyaziwa ngokuba zaselwandle ezinkulu iinqanawa elwandle, yokuya - is:

• Diesel Scan (Croatia).
• Mitsubishi (Japan).
• Itraki (South Korea).
• Lombardini Marine (Italy).
• Wartsila (Finland).

A udidi eyahlukileyo kuquka iinjini diesel zaselwandle "YaMZ" eziveliswe Yaroslavl Motor Plant. iinjini Diesel "YaMZ" zaselwandle medium ukubana amashishini imikhumbi kakhulu zifikeleleke Russian, kwaye ngexabiso kunye nomgangatho.

Ukulungiswa ephehla nqanawa

injini ngalinye lisebenza phantsi komthwalo ukusoloko, kukho iindlela ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso yendalo ngokukhuhla indawo. Kungekudala emva kukho imfuneko yangoku okanye ukulungisa. Shipowners zizama ukwenza iintanda ndawo, ngokwabo. Noko ke, akusoloko kusenzeka, kuba ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezonakeleyo kunxitywe ngokufuthi ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, i-injini lidilizwe kwaye ithunyelwe kumenzi.

Ukulungiswa injini inqanawa diesel kuthatha iinyanga ezimbalwa, kule meko iinqanawa niyahiliza. Nangona kunjalo, umnini unokuba injini yokuncedisa, nto leyo ifakwe endaweni obethe ngawo. Ngoko ukuphepha wean ngenkani, nto leyo exabiso kakhulu.

Edreyi umkhumbi

Phakathi injini zaselwandle babe ziintshatsheli zabo. I-diesel zaselwandle injini ezinkulu - imodeli Wartsila-Sulzer-RTA96-C. Enziwe nkampani eFinland. Le modeli zikhuliswe ukuthatha multi-lobeko ingqalelo kumgca iquka iintlobo eziliqela. Order superdvigatel kunokuba ibe kwifomathi 6 okanye 14 isayizi. Choice yenza umthengi iinyanga ezintandathu phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi.

Wamzalela kule ingxilimbela yi-960 mm. Umthamo wenjini - 109 amawaka eelitha. a. Ulwandle bhotile ngokulula kukhulisa ngesantya lwemoto kweekhilomitha ezili-46 ngeyure.