Kwabantu - i ingcali? umsebenzi nokuhlalisana. izazi famous

Namhlanje kukho imisebenzi emininzi apho abantu bazi bonke. Ke ukuba imisebenzi "ngumtywini" okanye "umfundisi", yonke into icacile, ukuba wonke umntu uya kuba nako ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba ngubani na ngezentlalo. Umntu othe waziphatha yokuhlalisana. On jikelele ngakumbi kwaye ukubala.

Ngubani na lo?

Kuqala kufuneka kuthiwe isosioloji - intsha kakhulu kwaye kakhulu ngokusebenzayo ekuphuhliseni yesebe ulwazi lwabantu. Into ukufunda wakhe ukuba kuluntu luphela. ukuqonda sele ngokusekelwe oku sinako ukuba umsebenzi yi "kwabantu".

Oku umsebenzi ukuba umntu encedwa ezahlukahlukeneyo yenze uphando (i ziqhelekileyo - neesaveyi iikhweshine) kunye nokuqwalaselwa zemathematika lwe data kwenza izigqibo ezithile. Amaninzi, injongo yesi sifundo iintlobo kwiinkqubo zophuhliso loluntu kunye zengqondo zamaqela athile oluntu. Emva ngezentlalo ezi ziphumo kufuneka unikeze ezinye iingcebiso malunga nokuba ingasingathwa njani le ngxaki ekhoyo.

Xa sithetha nje ngokubanzi, eli ngezentlalo - ngandlela eyodwa kunye umphengululi multi-amaninzi ekufuneka babe nje kuphela ulwazi yoluntu kunye nezakhono ukuze babe kwengqondo, ukunxibelelana nabantu. Umele ukuba nekhono zemathematika ukwenza kakuhle iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuphando.

Yintoni eyenza ngezentlalo?

Equka umsebenzi of 'yokuhlalisana "? Yintoni ukujongana umntu owenza isicelo kule ndawo?

1. Inani labemi survey. Oko kwenziwe ngaphandle iindlela ngeendlela. Kungaba iikhweshine, udliwano-ndlebe, olunzulu ndlebe, incoko njalo njalo. D. Ngaphambi kokuba abantu abaqeqeshelwe abantu okanye iqela elithile labantu, i ngezentlalo nekhweshine yaso.
2. Xa zonke iinkcukacha ifumanekile, yingcali kufuneka alungise zonke iinkcukacha. Inxalenye umsebenzi wenziwa ngesandla, abanye - kwi khompyutha kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, SPSS okanye Osa.
3. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo ngezentlalo kufuneka kwizigqibo ezithile kwi zemizwa zoluntu.
4. Ngaphezu koko, lo mntu mnye kufuneka ukunika indlela yokuphuma kule meko okanye yenze izindululo ukuba ukujongana nale ngxaki.

Ungenza kwisigqibo encinane isosioloji - ngumntu ozama ukutshintsha eluntwini kwiteksti okusemandleni alo. Iziphumo kwezinye izifundo kwakhona rhoqo ibe sisiseko iiprojekthi okanye izenzo ukuba enze iintlobo imibutho karhulumente kunye non-governmental ezithile.

Umgangatho, ekufuneka ngezentlalo

"Isazi" umsebenzi busenza ukuba ukuba spectrum ngamnye iimpawu ezithile zobuqu kunye oluntu:

1. Lo mntu kufuneka nakanjani abe lwenzululwazi nengqondo. Ngapha koko, isosioloji - hayi uyasetyenziswa inzululwazi kuphela. Bhala lwemibuzo elungileyo pre-ukuhlalutya nesimilo oluntu akakwazi wonke.
2. indlela Creative ukusebenza. Xa uqhuba isifundo bokucinga ngokuqiqisisisayo ezakheke ezincinane. Ngamanye amaxesha lwezazi kufuneka ukwamkela izisombululo ezingekho semgangathweni.
3. I ngezentlalo kufuneka ukuyifunda, baqikelela. Enyanisweni, emva isifundo kufuneka ukusebenza eninzi inkcazelo. Kwaye kuya kufuna ixesha kunye unenzondelelo enkulu.
4. Yingcali Kufuneka kwakhona babe izakhono zengqondo. Ngapha koko, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuba bayigocagoce kunye neendid "kunzima" yabemi. Umzekelo, amakhoboka eziyobisi okanye amabanjwa. Yaye abantu abanjalo kufuneka bafumane indlela ethile.
5. nembono ebanzi Kwakhona kuyimfuneko kwabantu. Kufuneka ukubona ihlabathi kunye imeko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, usebenza kuzo zonke izikolo ezingekho-ukugweba buso.
6. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo: i ngezentlalo kuthatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo iziphumo zophononongo. Oku kufuneka kukhunjulwe.

na umntu obandakanyekayo phi?

Kuphi yokuhlalisana umsebenzi? Umsebenzi zifumaneka kule mibutho ilandelayo:

1. amacebiso okanye amaziko lwezenhlalo kwanabacazululi.
2. Xa abasemagunyeni kumasipala karhulumente.
3. Human Resources.
4. Xa imibutho bazibandakanya iintengiso okanye nobudlelwane noluntu.
5. Kumajelo eendaba.
6. Kumasebe ahlukeneyo ukuthengisa kuyo nayiphi na inkampani self-nokuhlonipha.

Kwabantu kunye nabazali bakhe

De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-18 LITHILE ifilosofi "nenzululwazi inzululwazi 'waza wathabatha indawo phambili. Ngokuthe ngcembe, Noko ke, waqalisa isetyana ukusuka kuqoqosho, historiography, nesayensi. Ekuveleni kweenkulungwane 18-19, kwakukho inzululwazi yoluntu, nto leyo eye ngokuba yokuhlalisana.

Ngokwahlukeneyo ufuna ukuthetha malunga uhlobo lwabantu abaziwa kwezentlalo yasungula le ndawo ulwazi kwangaphambi kokuba abe isayensi eyahlukileyo:

1. Ogyust akhawunti. Oku ukwabizwa ngokuba 'uyise yokuhlalisana ". Umgqala kuluntu ephilayo mbini, inxalenye enye nto leyo phambili kuluhlu eziphilayo. Enye into entsha, kawonke-kwabantu (elithi O.Kont).
2. Qiniseka ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa ngale umphengululi French, Emile Durkheim. Kwiincwadi zakhe, wachaza iindlela ezininzi uphando, esebenzisa yokuhlalisana namhlanje.
3. Herbert Spencer wayengumlandeli Auguste Comte yandule iphuhliswe le ngcamango yokuzivelela ngokuphathelele abantu. Kuthiwa ukuba ngokwembono yakhe, imisebenzi kakhulu iphenjelelwa kwithiyori Charles Darwin.
4. Thomas Hobbes, umkhenkethi IsiNgesi, kuqala wadala imfundiso yesivumelwano imvelaphi karhulumente. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba ingcamango-nzulu French zh. Zh. Russo, lowo wathetha into yokuba urhulumente ngenxa nokungalingani eluntwini.
5. Ezinye iinzululwazi zentlalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngubani liqulunqe le inzululwazi phambi intshayelelo yayo :. John Locke, uAdam Smith, F. Tonnies, Charles Lumbroso, etc ...

yokuhlalisana american

A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kwale nzululwazi ziye zenza neengcali yaseMelika.

1. T. Parsons. Ndizama ukuqonda zonke iinkalo zehlabathi zentlalo, ingakumbi indlela yokunxulumanisa phambili zale mihla kunye nobomi yoluntu.
2. R. Merton. Wafunda indlela yokuma koluntu kunye nefuthe layo yasekuhlaleni.
3. E. Mayo. Ngokusekelwe imifuniselo hottornskih waqalisa ukuthetha malunga uhlobo ubudlelwane babantu kunye nothungelwano sikweni.
4. Maslow. Nguye owasungula zepiramidi edume kuluhlu iimfuno zabantu.
5. Ezinye lwezazi yaseMelika, ngubani nayo yaphuhliswa isosioloji njenge inzululwazi: A. Small, George G. Meade, uThomas W. et al ..

kwabantu Russian abasungula le isayensi

Ngokwahlukeneyo kuyimfuneko ukubalisa yokuhlalisana ka eRashiya, nto leyo eli ekuphuhliseni eli inzululwazi phezu sibini lokugqibela iinkulungwane.

1. MM Kovalevsky. Positivist, ngumlandeli Auguste Comte. Wayengomnye bokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela yenzululwazi kunye nezembali, nto leyo eye yanceda ukuba ukuhlola ukuvela kunye nophuhliso iziganeko ezininzi zentlalo.
2. P. Mechnikov. Yena a esiphambili nje kuphela, kodwa oyingcali enkulu ulwazi lwezenhlalo. Izazinzulu ziye wafunda indlela uluntu kuxhomekeke kwizinto zoxinzelelo lwamanzi (imilambo, iilwandle, iilwandle).
3. AI Stronin, PF Lilienfeld. Abalandeli Herbert Spencer, ngubani bakwazi ukuya ngaphaya sikhokelo wezinto izifaniso "Society of umzimba." Society sele ingqalelo njenge uhlobo 'umzimba ekuhlaleni. "
4. K. M. Tahtarev. Omnye yokuqala ezakusetyenziswa eRashiya e isosioloji reseach iindlela - mkhanya, experiment. Wathi ngaphandle isosioloji imathematika nje ayikwazi ukusebenza.
5. PA Sorokin. Ngamandla negalelo ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo ukumisela amaziko isosioloji njenge inzululwazi. World eyaziwa ngokuba imfundiso yakhe ezithile ngokwezinga lwezenhlalo apho uluntu usibona ngokwembono ekuhanjisweni othe tye kunye nkqo.
6. Ezinye lwezazi Russian, abo baye benza igalelo elikhulu kule isayensi: SA Muromtsev N. A. Korkunov NI Kara, Ya L. Lavrov, Ya K. Mihaylovsky kunye nabanye...

izazi Modern Russian

Ngokwahlukeneyo kuyimfuneko ukuba Anike ingqalelo imo isosioloji Russian, ethi namhla baphuhlisa le inzululwazi.

1. Boris yeeFom. Ngezentlalo, imbongi umguquleli. Yena uphando ulutsha lwezenhlalo yesizwe Russian, inkcubeko kwezopolitiko, nakwimibutho yasekuhlaleni post-eSoviet. Ishicilele inani lamaphepha.
2. VA Iityhefu, AG ziingqondo. Ezi ntle inxaxheba kwimiba yezentlalo, echaphazelekayo yabasebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa.
3. VN Shubkin kunye AI Todorosky. Siye sahlolisisa iingxaki lali kunye nesixeko.
4. Eyaziwa ngokuba Boris yeeFom, a ngezentlalo zh. T. Toschenko. Wafunda ucwangciso zentlalo, imo yezentlalo. Wabhala imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kwi yokuhlalisana kunye yokuhlalisana lomsebenzi.

Ezinye lwezazi mihla Russian: N. I. Lapin, V. Kuznetsov, V. I. zhukov kunye nabanye.