Indlela ukwakha indlu-eyonga?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ukwenza ukwakhiwa emakhayeni abo kobuchwepheshe okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo. Esona sizathu kukuba ukusebenza ekhayeni lakho uya ukufumana iindleko ezimbalwa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba intengiso iinketho ezinjalo ziya kuba nomtsalane kubathengi, kwaye ixabiso kuba zingasetwa ngaphezulu kakhulu.

Ngokunxulumene nokuqhubekayo kwimarike amandla zehlabathi onokusondela kwisigqibo ilandelayo. Price mthombo uphambili wamandla, ezizezi, i-oyile, iyahlozinga kakhulu kwaye kuya kuqhubeka ukuze zikhule. Ukuba ujonga kwi elidlulileyo kwaye sihlaziye iindleko zamafutha, ezi ngxelo ziyinyani. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ngandlel 'uphume, umzekelo, ukucwangcisa ukwakhiwa kwamandla izakhiwo kunye nokuthengwa amandla izixhobo ezifanelekileyo.

Hayi kuphela inzuzo ebonakalayo ukugqithisela olu hlobo lwezindlu. Enyanisweni, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, siya nyulu atmosfera yethu izinto ezinobungozi kunye ubumdaka obangelwe yokutsha amafutha. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku igalelo kungafumaneka kungengokwentlambululo yendawo iplanethi yethu, kwaye liqhubeka ukufumana izifo kukwalisa, ngokunjalo nezifo sangaphandle kunye nesisu. Noko ke, ukuba akunjalo, makuphume nje abantu ukumelana nale sibetho.

Yintoni sichitha amandla emakhayeni ethu?

Ukuba uthatha indlu eqhelekileyo zabucala, kukho "izidla" eziliqela of energy:

• ezisebenza ezahlukeneyo zombane;
• ekukhanyeni;
• ukufudumala;
• ukufudumeza amanzi.

Malunga ne-72% yawo onke amandla ichithwa ubilisa amakhaya ethu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ekuqaleni kweli lizwe lethu akazange acinge ngokulondoloza kunye nokwakha izindlu, hayi ukunikela ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo usambathisa thermal. EYurophu, le meko hayi nje okungamanyala, kodwa irekhodi yazo nalo ihlwempu - 57%.

Thina ukujongana nomba energostandartov

zokwakha amandla ombane kancinci zaye zasasazeka kakhulu ekupheleni koo. I abanomdla kuqala kule eJamani, eFransi, Sweden naseSwitzerland. Iingcali baseYurophu baye baqala ukunxibelelanisa amandla ukulahleka ezindlwini kakuhle zigqunyiwe, imilo mgaqweni izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo kunye kwindawo nesalamane engentlanga iincam. Iindleko yamaziko sasilungiswa ezi intsilelo ezingabalulekanga, ngoko kutheni ungasindisi? Kwaba ngoko aqala ukwahlulwa yezakhiwo zokuhlala neendidi:

• Amandla ombane kancinci indlu. Abo uthathwa ukuba ukwakha, ugcina ekhulwini ngaphezu asixhenxe yangoku ukusuka amandla asetyenziswa yindlu oluqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, izakhiwo ezinjalo kusetyenziswa zizityalo zisebenze imithombo ehlaziyekayo eneji (nephiko, solar) kunye nokuthintela ubushushu thermal ngeenxa ubude elinesihlanu.
• Ukwakhiwa ngesifo eliphantsi. Apha, umlinganiselo sephepha ikhaya standard ayikho ngaphezu kwamashumi amane anesihlanu ekhulwini, kwaye bodwa ngeesentimitha eziyi-malunga namashumi amabini.
• ukwakhiwa isakhiwo UMSI kuthathwa ukusetyenziswa ephantsi kakhulu - 30% xa kuthelekiswa ne-izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo. Iinjineli enjalo iziphumo enkosi ngendlela ebalaseleyo, ukusetyenziswa eyiyo yobushushu - yendalo yaye into ngobudenge isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo umoya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la makhaya baxhotyiswa ubushushu thermal kwi umthombo ezingamashumi iisentimitha zamafu, noziqulathe-umbane kunye nobushushu.
• Izakhiwo Ndawaphelisa amandla. Ewe, uceba ukusebenzisa kwaye, kananjalo, nabo baya kunikwa kuthungelwano lombane. Noko ke, nangona eli kuphela umfuniselo. ukwambathisa Thermal kula makhaya - iisentimitha mane.

Kubalwa ubushushu

Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba uninzi umbane ayilibale bubushushu thina, ukuba amakhaya energostandart ezikhethiweyo ngokusekelwe factor E. Ibonisa imfuno ubushushu ngokwamaxesha - ibonisa isixa ezifunekayo ukufudumeza square metre nganye. Makhe sihlolisise into ebonisa umlinganiselo:

• ukusebenza emhlabeni.
• uhlobo umoya.
• Imbonakaliso le kwisakhiwo iincam.
• Inani ubushushu basekhaya.

Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele lulwahlulo nganye ezinga malungu abantu lombane ubushushu ngamaxesha E0. Inika kwakhona anenani elifunekayo ubushushu xa ubilisa imitha cubic, kodwa komqathango wokuba isakhiwo yakhiwe ngokuthobela yonke imithetho nemimiselo. E0 ibalwa njengoko umlinganiselo udonga lwangaphandle ukuya umthamo shushu.

Indlu inzuzo-eyonga?

Technology kwaphucuka, yaye ukuba sikhangele kwikamva, singatsho ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezindlu - nto nenoqoqosho. Ngoku imali eyabelwe ukwakha izakhiwo zezenzi, ngaphezu-20 ekhulwini ngaphezu iindleko solwakhiwo eqhelekileyo. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, umahluko yehliswa ngama-10 ekhulwini. Kwaye zingangqinwa amava abasebenzi bokwakha amazwe. indlu Amandla-kakuhle - yindlela elungileyo ukuze utyalo-mali. Ngaba ukuqinisekisa oku, cinga lo mzekelo ulandelayo. Ngokomzekelo, uthabathe ikhaya indawo ikhefu eliqhelekileyo izikwere 150, inani kwintsapho enye. Njengoko ubushushu isicwangciso kule ndlu bakhetha kwibhoyila igesi. Ke iindleko zokusebenza izindlu ziya kuba zezi zilandelayo:

• ukufudumeza - 144 kW / m ^2;
• ukufudumeza amanzi - 30 kW / m ^2;
• iinjongo zasekhaya (izixhobo, ukupheka, ukukhanya) - 26 kW / m ^2.

Kulo mzekelo, kuvela ukuba kulo nyaka le ndlu iya kudla 30,000 kWh. Ukuba endaweni indlu eqhelekileyo ukuba indlu ngomthi-eyonga, umfanekiso imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukufudumeza - 44 kW / m ^2;
• ukufudumeza amanzi - 30 kW / m ^2;
• iinjongo zasekhaya (izixhobo, ukupheka, ukukhanya) - 26 kW / m ^2.

indlu elisezantsi energy- iligqibe kunyaka ka-15 000 kW. Iyonke, uyakwazi ukugcina kwi ukusebenza malunga-50% yamakhaya. ulwazi ekhuthazayo kakhulu.

indawo window

Ke kaloku, kule izakhiwo ezintsha ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana enkulu olungaphambili zeglasi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuvumela ukwakhiwa yokhuseleko thermal, ukhuselo thermal kwesihloko kufutshane iindonga Windows. Kwelinye icala, ngokwembono yokukhanyisa isithuba kunye neefestile ezinkulu nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amandla ngenxa ukulayita. Kufuneka ukuba sijonge ukuba indawo ephakathi. Xa eyila kakhulu elilelona kuthathwa ukuba umlinganiselo we-6: 1, apho 6 - ummandla umgangatho 1 - ibhokisi. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ikhaya-eyonga kunye ligumbi 36 square metres. Le ndawo Injengokubengezela elilelona iya kuba malunga ne-6 square metres.

Uyilo imizi-eyonga. iiprojekthi Catalogs

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba entshonalanga, malunga nama-80% amakhaya abucala nakhelwe phezu msebenzi. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ekwakheni ngokusekelwe zeenketho, ndlu-eyonga? Projects kumanani amakhulu afumaneka kubalawuli ezizodwa, kunye nayiphi na ezahlukeneyo ongakhetha ukukhetha?

Umsebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu - ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amandla ubuncinane. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, isabelo yengonyama saso echithwa zokufudumeza nesithuba ebusika. Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ngokwandisa ngomaleko ubushushu, indlu ayenzi amandla. Apha indlela kufuneka ibe ebanzi. Kubalulekile ukususa yonke imizila umoya obandayo, kwakunye nokubonelela umoya ngomatshini.

Siyothulela ingqalelo ezindongeni kunye nophahla

Phambi kokuba nokufunyanwa kwale projekthi kufuneka kuvavanywa ngononophelo lokuthobela kunye usambathisa oluqhubekayo. Amandla ombane kancinci indlu - oko ukwakha, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokumpompoza yobunzima. Ngenxa kule uphawu umoya obandayo akayi kungena egumbini. Kwavingcelwa ukuba yonke into evela ezindle yaye wayegqiba nophahla. Iindonga ezo zindlu zazityatyekwa ngomaleko kabini, kwaye uphahla kwenziwa ubushushu thermal kunye umqobo umphunga. Amalungu kunye nezinto eziziqamangeleyo zivaliwe ngcina tape okhethekileyo.

yokubala ngempumelelo kwamandla

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, isakhiwo-amandla ngokufanelekileyo kucingwa ukuba odlayo hayi ngaphezulu kwe asixhenxe ekhulwini amandla ombane ukusuka kwimali odla indlu eqhelekileyo. Qwalasela E lomlingani kunye nexabiso layo:

• Kuba avareji into ekhaya. E incinane kune okanye ilingana 110 kW / m ^2.
• Kuba-eyonga amakhaya ingumlingani. E incinane kune okanye ilingana 70 kW / m ^2.
• Kuba indlu asonge okuza. E incinane kune okanye ilingana 15 kW / m ^2.

Ukuya ngasentshonalanga kucingwa indlela mihla ngakumbi yokubala songa izakhiwo yi koefffitsientu EP. Libonisa sixa sombane sesona ukufudumeza, umoya, ukufudumeza amanzi, ukukhanyisa kunye isixhobo. Cinga ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo, kuxhomekeke Er:

• Kuba izakhiwo zezenzi ingumlingani. EP incinane kune okanye ilingana 0.25.
• Kuba ezakhiwe eyonga lingaphantsi okanye ilingana no 0.5.
• Kuba ezonga umbane izakhiwo ingumlingani. EP incinane kune okanye ilingana 0.75.
• ukuba mncinci kuno okanye lilingane ku-1 ngezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo.
• Kuba izakhiwo zezenzi ingumlingani. EP incinane kune okanye ilingana 0.25.
• Kuba izakhiwo ezininzi-amandla olunzulu EP mkhulu kwe-1.5.

Umbuzo umoya zokufudumeza

Sele sathetha ngento yokuba ekhaya-eyonga mayixhotyiswe yomatshini nangokuvutha ukuvelisa umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha projekthi, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba indlu inika umoya onjalo. Oku kubalulekile kuba umoya eqhelekileyo ayisebenzi nje ikhaya moya. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba umoya omxhuzulane isebenza kakuhle kwiqondo lobushushu kancinane ngasentla zero, ngoko ehlotyeni oko phantse ngamampunge.

Xa amandla imizi etywiniweyo kakuhle best bonisa ngokwayo yomatshini, nto leyo eya kwamkela ubushushu emoyeni zeemoto. umoya enjalo ikuvumela ukulawula ekhaya ngaphandle inkqubo ukufudumeza amanzi kunesiqhelo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela eyongiwa radiators, imibhobho kunye nofakelo ubushushu. Ngoko ke lumka xa ukhetha i zokuyilwa kwendlu-eyonga kufuneka sibandakanye olu hlobo umoya.

Ezinye ubuqili zokwakha

Makhe sihlolisise ubuqili ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukuba uceba ukwakha indlu-eyonga ngezandla zakhe, kuyimfuneko ukwazi inani ngqo labantu abaza kuphila apho. Ngapha koko, abantu ngokwabo ukudala ubushushu yasekhaya - xa ukuhlamba, ukupheka, ukusetyenziswa izixhobo zombane. Kubonakala ukuba le ndlu inkulu kakhulu aziyi kuqwalaselwa amandla ombane kancinci, ukuba bambalwa abantu baya kuphila kuwo. Kufuneka aphathe ngenyameko ukuhamba olusebenzayo ngoku, ukukhetha izixhobo zombane ezisebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Iza kuba luncedo kukuxhobisa izindlu engaveza ilizwe amanqaku iimpawu kunye neemeko zemozulu kwindawo yakho.

isiphelo

Uyilo kunye nokwakha amandla izakhiwo kakuhle kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba phantse mkhuba kuphela kwishishini lokwakha. Ngoko ke kufuneka ucinge ukuba khona ngoku.