Actinidia ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo kwi North eCaucasus, okanye zikhule njani kiwi

Actinidia - izityalo yamandulo kakhulu, imidiliya zikhula kumahlathi ashinyeneyo imvula, ngaphambi kokuba kubekho umntu wokuqala. Actinidia kuthunyelwa ku mpuma Asia, eMpuma Ekude, e-China kunye Korea. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi esi sityalo njengoko iziqhamo esetyenzisiweyo, ubukhulu becala, ezine; Actinidia Argut, Actinidia Kolomikta, Actinidia purpurea kunye Actinidia Chinese okanye kiwi. Iziqhamo actinidia nemasiko ephuma kuthelekiswa kutshanje, kwinkulungwane XIX (uhlobo zasendle Actinidia na iziqhamo ezincinane). I. V. Michurin wasondela ingqalelo esi sityalo, wamngenisa iintlobo kuqala band ephakathi. Xa imiqathango North Caucasus lungakhula ngempumelelo lixakathe iziqhamo Actinidia Chinese, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo ezifana iidiliya ezikhulayo.

Chinese Actinidia esekhulile e China yamandulo (kungoko igama "gooseberry Chinese"), iimbewu kwaziswa New Zealand, kukho abalimi kundenza uhlobo olutsha iziqhamo enkulu okumnandi. Pubescent, iziqhamo yegolide-sinombala breeder New Zealand kukhumbuze le mai intaka - uphawu ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Phantsi eli gama - "Kiwi", isiqhamo omtsha zaye zasasazeka eYurophu. Ngowe-1988, Adler yoLingelo Isikhululo wabeka sisityalo yokuqala kiwi (malunga 5ha kuthatha oku Actinidia) ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo, kuphuhliswa khona, ifanele kwimozulu yaselunxwemeni inobulali, nangona Actinidia ekhula kakuhle kwimimandla esezintabeni (umzekelo, kufutshane kwilali Krasnaya Polyana).

Kiwi - umdiliya (umthi ebona) ufikelela umphakamo 20 eemitha, ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu, kufuneka inkxaso. Amahlumelo Young zibuthathaka, kwaphulwa lula.
Actinidia, kwisityalo efanayo dioecious kuphela obhinqileyo okanye kuphela iintyatyambo eyindoda. Kwi sebali, kuba uvuvuzelo eziqhelekileyo, etyelwe 8-9 neemazi izityalo a - 2 oyindoda, 5 obhinqileyo, okanye - yanye inkunzi Actinidia. Ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo: Masenze uqale Ukukhethwa inkxaso efanelekileyo. Phantsi Actinidia uyakwazi ukucwangcisa inkxaso ubude ekhethekileyo kweemitha 3.5. Izibonda izibonda kufuneka omelele, ikhonkrithi okanye umgubo wentsimbi. Bona tensioned Isefu wire 5mm. Kwimiqolo 4. Kwiindawo sehlathi zingasetwa ephezulu, L-ezimile inkxaso. Uyakwazi "sinxibe 'mai kunye gazebo okanye ngokwakhiwa eludongeni. Kubalulekile ukuba Actinidia ukutyala zaye ezikhuselweyo umoya. E North Caucasus mai ezolileyo ntolovelo kwinkxaso.

Actinidia udinga ukukhanya elungileyo, emikhumbini yamanzi rhoqo, otyebileyo, umhlaba mthombo. Lomhlaba asidi 4-6, imihlaba obrak osisityebi calcium kuba mai ayifaneleki. Ukutyala umgodi mai okanye umsele kongezwe umgquba, umgama phakathi kwezityalo ayi-4. Xa ukutyala kubalulekile ukuba kungcwaba ingcambu entanyeni (oko kusala ngaphezu kumphezulu womhlaba yi-2 cm). Iingcambu izithole egcinwe kwisingxobo bhanyabhanya ekhululwa kuphela ngexesha igqampe (ngokulula iingcanjana entle ayoma aze afe). Izityalo ezityalwe bayakube, eshiya 3-4 amathupha olomeleleyo neqhina.

Ukutyala Young kufuneka esusa, ukunkcenkceshela kunye mulching. Nge ukunkcenkceshelwa ezaneleyo ngexesha kwiminyaka yokuqala 4 ingatyalwa phakathi kwezityalo amaqunube. Actinidia ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezondlo emhlabeni, ngoko ke kufuneka lusidla. Imihlaba kwi North eCaucasus, ngokufuthi, amahlwempu wamatye obambe. Kwimihlaba ezinjalo, spring izityalo ayikho inqabile amava nitrogen yindlala, nto leyo kumiselwa esenza kunye yellowing amagqabi kunye petioles ukuba bomvu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kwakheke umxube mai urea (a onobulali, ukuba angayitshisi iingcambu). Kuya kuba luncedo kwaye kwamagqabi akungeze nokusebenzisa urea. iziphumo ezintle ezifunyenwe ngokusungula mai engumgquba (umgquba, nto yenziwa qho kwiminyaka 2-3, 6-10 kg ngalunye). Uhlobo oluhle ukubunjwa Actinidia - palmette; eyodwa okanye kabini emithathu tiered. I Actinidia ukuthenwa ephambili oluqhutywa ebusika, ekupheleni kukaJanuwari - February, inkxaso ngokusika - ehlotyeni, ngoJuni - ekuqaleni kuJulayi. Ezityalwe ningazicenti enemithi of mai, wonqanyulwa, evela amasebe yonyaka ngexesha zizitshetshe ebusika.
Akukho kunzima kangaka ukuba ukukhula esi sityalo - Actinidia, ukutyala kunye nenkathalo kuba akukho nzima ngaphezu, umzekelo, ukulima iintyatyambo kweli lizwe.